A/HRC/32/22 124. The organization drew attention to the similarities of anti-corruption principles (participation, transparency, access to information, accountability) and human, primarily civil and political, rights (freedom of expression and the media, including the right of access to information, freedom of assembly and association, independence of the judiciary, equality and non-discrimination and the right to strike). 125. The organization highlighted the importance for national human rights institutions and anti-corruption bodies to be independent and have broad powers. It also highlighted the importance of civil society space in the fight against corruption, as well as the role of supreme audit institutions. New Line Social Organization 126. The New Line Social Organization highlighted the negative impact of corruption on development and human rights. It called for human rights education and awareness-raising, independent anti-corruption bodies, development, creation of employment opportunities, security and democracy as means to combat corruption. Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group 127. The Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group highlighted the importance of an independent judiciary and of law enforcement for the protection against corruption. The organization recommended the adoption of a memorandum of understanding between the National Human Rights Commission of Nigeria and the national anti-corruption bodies. It also recommended elaborating a whistle-blower protection law. Washington and Lee University School of Law 128. The Washington and Lee University School of Law highlighted the importance of human rights and anti-corruption education, which sensitized students to the effects of corruption, prepared them to enter the workforce with an understanding of ways and means to identify and combat corruption and could be an effective tool to combat corruption. The law school was implementing a joint anti-corruption and human rights programme with the Law School of the University of Liberia to share students’ knowledge of anti-corruption and human rights with the community and local organizations.128. V. Analysis and conclusions 129. Respondents shared the view that corruption has a negative impact on the enjoyment of human rights and can lead to or directly constitute human rights violations. Economically and politically marginalized groups were at particular risk of the adverse effects of corruption. Respondents stressed that corruption undermined the capacity of States to protect and fulfil their human rights obligations, more specifically the obligation to take steps, to the maximum of available resources, with a view to achieving progressively the full realization of economic, social and cultural rights. They further emphasized that corruption could lead to discrimination and violated the principle of equality. Therefore, States were duty bound to combat corruption. 130. Several respondents highlighted the importance of a human rights-based approach to combating corruption. Respondents argued that a human rights-based approach would complement the mainstream, or traditional, anti-corruption efforts, which tended to focus on the perpetrator, individual criminal responsibility and suppression. The human rights-based approach, on the other hand, focused on the victim, on State responsibility and on prevention and redress. 17