A/HRC/41/45 decreasing the quality of data for all, but by definition violates the right of those persons to self-determination. Other challenges include the risk of underreporting due to language and cultural differences in the phrasing of survey questions, the experience of social desirability bias, on the part of respondents, and selection bias in the case of household surveys. 53 Respondents noted a variety of approaches drawn from social science practices that could be employed to respond to those challenges. 54 IV. Overview of guiding principles and practical examples A. Current efforts to increase knowledge about lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and gender-diverse persons 1. Global 27. UNDP and the World Bank are carrying out a series of activities to strengthen inclusion approaches, including the development of the proposed lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex inclusion index 55 to track outcomes in the areas of education, safety, health, economic well-being and political and civil participation. 28. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) supports the collection of HIV/AIDS-related data, in particular on men who have sex with men and on trans persons, which it identified as key populations. It has, for example, developed regional indicators to assess violence and discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and gender-diverse persons. 29. The UNDP regional programmes “Being LGBTI in …” and “SOGI and rights”, currently being rolled out in 53 countries and territories in Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, address current research gaps on stigmatization, discrimination and violence.56 30. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has supported the development, by the International LGBTQI Youth and Student Organization, of an inclusive education index to measure the progress of 47 European countries in the implementation of the ministerial commitment to ensuring safe and inclusive learning environments for LGBTQI learners. 57 It is developing a technical brief to help in monitoring and evaluating school violence based on sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression through national and international surveys. 2. Regional 31. Since 2008, surveys carried out by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights across the European Union and some candidate countries have provided invaluable information on the situations of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and gender-diverse persons. Historically the surveys focused on discrimination, harassment and violence, but have been expanded to data in, among other fields, employment, education and health care. 58 The surveys follow the standards of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council on general data protection. 59 The Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe includes in its annual reporting on hate crime reports of physical assaults and murders. It has determined 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 10 Submission from Chile. See, for example, the submission from Mujer y Mujer. See http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/608921536847788293/A-Set-of-Proposed-Indicatorsfor-the-LGBTI-Inclusion-Index. Submission from UNDP. See https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/call_for_action_2016_05_18-en.pdf. See https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2013/eu-lgbt-survey-european-union-lesbian-gay-bisexualand-transgender-survey-results. See https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679.