A/HRC/41/45 • The results of the first multicountry survey carried out in this area by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights revealed significant perceptions of discrimination as reported by the lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and gender-diverse respondents, and led to the recognition of a need to develop equal treatment policies for such persons in the European Union; 8 • Data from large-scale population surveys have established causal links between poor health outcomes and the experience of stigmatization of and prejudice against lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and gender-diverse persons. 9 They facilitate a comparison between that population and the general population with regard to rates of depression, cancer and HIV/AIDS. The collection of such data is deemed critically important in bettering the understanding of the life experiences of the members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and gender-diverse population to improve their mental and physical health and their well-being.10 • Data establishing intersectionality reflects the dynamic process of the lived experience of an individual; for instance, such data is able to show that race multiplies the effect of discrimination against trans and gender-diverse people;11 • The extent to which young lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and gender-diverse persons face homelessness became evident when a 2012 survey of 354 homeless support agencies in one country suggested that 40 per cent of homeless young persons identified as part of this group, with family rejection the leading cause of homelessness among them;12 • A recent review of data in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries shows that homosexuals are only half as likely to be invited to a job interview as their heterosexual counterparts. 13 15. Submissions to the mandate holder revealed a broad range of themes in relation to which data is indispensable or useful, among them: health access and outcomes, patterns of violence, levels of school bullying and education outcomes, domestic violence, hate crime, femicide and other killings, labour participation, workplace discrimination, access to housing, inclusion in civic spaces, and political leadership. Many other areas still lack data and remain unexplored, for example, the concerns of ageing lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans or gender-diverse people and intersections with disability, racism and xenophobia, even though there are pressing needs to be addressed. Submissions also revealed a lack of understanding of faith-based tolerance and inclusiveness of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and gender-diverse individuals in different contexts around the world, as data has not been collected in this area.14 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 6 See https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra-eu-lgbt-survey-main-results_tk3113640enc_1.pdf. See David M. Frost and Ilan H. Meyer, “Internalized homophobia and relationship quality among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals”, Journal of Counselling Psychology, vol. 56, No. 1 (2009); Ilan H. Meyer, “Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence”, Psychological Bulletin, vol. 129, No. 5 (2003); J.E. Pachankis, “The psychological implications of concealing a stigma: a cognitive-affective-behavioral model”, Psychological Bulletin, vol. 133, No. 2 (2007). Submission from the American Psychological Association. See Jaime M. Grant and others, Injustice at Every Turn (National Gay and Lesbian Task Force and the National Center for Transgender Equality, 2011). Available at https://static1.squarespace.com/static/566c7f0c2399a3bdabb57553/ t/566cbf2c57eb8de92a5392e6/1449967404768/ntds_full.pdf. See L.E. Durso and G.J. Gates, Serving Our Youth: Findings from a National Survey of Service Providers Working with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth Who are Homeless or at Risk of Becoming Homeless (Los Angeles, The Williams Institute with True Colors Fund and The Palette Fund, 2012). Available at http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/DursoGates-LGBT-Homeless-Youth-Survey-July-2012.pdf. See Marie-Anne Valfort, “LGBTI in OECD countries: a review”, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers No. 198. Available at https://doi.org/10.1787/d5d49711-en. Submission from the Global Interfaith Network.