A/HRC/45/CRP.7 Serial Name Position 1 Ahmad al-Kawkabani794 Tuhama Resistance Mujaylis, Ad Durayhimi, Al-Hudaydah ‫احمد الكوكباني‬ 2 Major General Haitham Qasim Tahir795 Field Commander Location Jabaliyah796 ‫اللواء هيثم قاسم طاهر‬ Remarks Previous minister of defence E. Armed Non-State Actors / De-Facto Authorities 23. After President Hadi restructured the military and security institutions, and dissolved the Republican Guard and Central Security Forces, officers loyal to former President Saleh resisted the new structure, and Saleh-linked units remained the dominant force on the ground from Sana’a to Aden. 24. Tensions began to grow in June and July 2014 when an armed offensive was launched in Amran Governorate by members of “Popular Committees” (armed groups) affiliated with the Houthis, and former Yemeni armed forces and tribesmen loyal to former President Saleh. This marked the beginning of a period of alliance between former President Saleh, forces loyal to him, and the Houthis and their affiliated Popular Committees (hereinafter referred to as “Houthi-Saleh fighters”), which lasted until December 2017, when former President Saleh was killed by the Houthis. Houthi authorities have maintained a similar architecture to the Yemeni Armed Forces: their armed forces are organized around seven military regions, and new commanders have been appointed since the Supreme Revolutionary Committee was established in 2015. The Houthis appointed supervisors within the military units, who have enjoyed great power. 25. In 2018, a supplementary ‘central military district’, including Sana’a and the surrounding tribes, has been created and placed under the command of Abdulkhaliq alHouthi, Abdulmalik’s brother. This new district includes military camps formerly associated with the Republican Guard and the Reserve Forces. See Appendix 2. 26. Ballistic Missiles and UAVs represent the centre of gravity for the Houthis, as the weapons posing the biggest threat to the Coalition. 1. Political, Military and Security Main Actors Serial Name Position 1 Abdulmalik Badr al- Leader of the Din al-Houthi Houthis’797 Location Remarks Sana’a Political, no military rank ‫عبد الملك بدر الدين الحوثي‬ 2 Mahdi al-Mashat ‫مهدي المشاط‬ 794 795 796 797 798 President of Supreme Sana’a Political Council Promoted to marshal rank798 Ibid. UN document, S/2019/206. Available at: https://undocs.org/ar/S/2019/206. Ibid. United Nations Security Council, available at: https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/2140/materials/summaries/individual/abdulmalik-alhouthi. On 24 April 2019, the House of Representatives granted Mahdi Al-Mashat the rank of marshal. Available at: https://www.yemenipress.net/archives/143698. 135