A/HRC/45/CRP.7 (ii) De Facto Authorities 371. During the last reporting period, the de facto authorities reported to the Group of Experts that after investigation pursuant to military criminal procedures, no members of their forces had been found responsible for violations of human rights law or humanitarian law. The Group of Experts concluded that this assertion by the de facto authorities raised strong concerns as to whether there was any accountability mechanism in place to investigate and prosecute alleged cases, and was suggestive of a blatant lack of accountability.556 An update was sought from the de facto authorities in relation to any investigations conducted or prosecutions undertaken. However, at the time of preparation of this report, no response had been forthcoming. The Group of Experts is not aware of any prosecutions or other proceedings having yet been instigated by de facto authorities in relation to violations documented by the Group of Experts. It remains concerned at the apparent continued lack of commitment to real accountability. (iii) Coalition Members 372. Over the last three reporting periods, the Group of Experts has highlighted a range of violations arising out of coalition operations in the conflict in Yemen. In last year’s report, the Group of Experts examined the work being undertaken by the coalition’s Joint Incident Assessment Team (“JIAT”) based on the information available to it.557 The Group remains concerned at the tendency for JIAT to accept the legality of airstrikes involving military targets, without taking into proper account principles of proportionality or precaution. During this reporting period, the Group of Experts has sought to establish what follow-up is being taken to JIAT recommendations. 373. JIAT has investigated more than 190 incidents of alleged violations.558 The United Nations Security Council-mandated Panel of Experts reported in January 2020 that the following eight cases had been referred by JIAT to military prosecutors for action:559 No. Case Location Date 1 Haydan hospital Sa‘dah 26 October 2015 2 Abs hospital Abs 5 August 2016 3 Great hall Sana’a 8 October 2016* 4 Sa’dan well Sana’a 10 September 2016 5 Car in Ma’rib Ma’rib 16 September 2017 6 Bus Sa‘dah 9 August 2018* 7 Wedding in Bani Qees Hajjah 22 April 2018* 8 Cholera treatment facility Hajjah 11 June 2018* Source: JIAT, as quoted by the the Security Council-mandated Panel of Experts *Previously investigated by the Group of Eminent Experts 556 A/HRC/42/CRP.1, para. 898. As noted previously, a lack of transparency remains the main obstacle to thoroughly assessing the JIAT, but the Group of Experts has previously raised questions concerning its meeting of international standards concerning independence and impartiality, effectiveness, thoroughness and credibility: A/HRC/42/CRP.1, paras. 889-894. 558 According to the case numbers in official press releases: https://www.spa.gov.sa/viewstory.php?lang=en&newsid=2084967 559 Final Report of the Panel of Experts on Yemen, S/2020/326, p. 40. 557 93