A/HRC/30/49 Contents Page 2 I. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 3 II. Definition of local government ........................................................................................................ 3 III. States and local governments: Shared and complementary duties to respect, protect and fulfil human rights ..................................................................................................................... 5 IV. Role of local government in the protection and promotion of human rights .................................... 7 V. Main challenges faced by local governments in the protection and promotion of human rights ..... 9 VI. Human rights mechanisms at the local level .................................................................................... 10 VII. Human rights city: Conceptual framework and guiding principles .................................................. 11 VIII. Role of civil society in the planning and implementation of activities for the promotion and protection of human rights at the local level.............................................................................. 14 IX. Best practices ................................................................................................................................... 14 X. Conclusions and recommendations .................................................................................................. 17