A/HRC/36/23 change, which, it is estimated, will displace 200 million people by 2050. 36 From 2000 to 2013, an average of 83,000 people died each year and 211 million were affected by natural disasters. The adverse impacts of climate change pose visible challenges and obstacles for States, particularly developing countries, to achieving sustainable development. Climate change will demand substantial resources to mitigate its effects, reduce net greenhouse gas emissions 37 and promote environmentally sound technologies. Paradoxically, the poorest people in developing countries, who contributed least to climate change, are most vulnerable to its adverse impacts. 38 This is due to their geographical location and lesser ability to cope with damage from severe weather and slow-onset effects of climate change, often affecting, inter alia, their rights to food, health and development (A/HRC/31/52). Implementation of the right to development must be integral to operationalizing the Paris Agreement, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 and Sustainable Development Goals 12-15 on climate and the environment. 41. Long-standing systemic asymmetries in global governance have a direct impact on the implementation and realization of the right to development. The under- or nonrepresentation of developing countries in key forums on global governance undermines the effectiveness of such forums. The adoption of policies affecting development involves conflicting interests, making trade-offs and setting priorities across and within countries and, as such, encompasses issues of bargaining and problems of execution. Without more inclusive, democratic and participatory decision-making processes on key questions relating to development at the national and international levels, those absent or those whose voices are less well heard will remain on the margins of the benefits of development. 42. Sustainable Development Goal 17 on the implementation and revitalization of the global partnership for sustainable development deals with, inter alia, the need to enhance global macroeconomic stability, including through policy coordination and coherence. Addressing systemic issues is also a cornerstone of the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, wherein Member States agreed to take measures to improve and enhance global economic governance and to arrive at a stronger, more coherent, inclusive and representative international architecture for sustainable development. Member States further resolved to strengthen the coherence and consistency of multilateral financial, investment, trade and development policy, as well as environment institutions and platforms, and to increase cooperation between major international institutions. The promise of equality of opportunity and outcomes for all nations and individuals contained in the Declaration makes it imperative to include the voice of developing countries in international processes of economic decision-making and norm-setting, including in the World Bank (see A/70/274), the International Monetary Fund and international regulatory standard-setting bodies such as the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. 43. At the World Trade Organization (WTO), decisions are made primarily by consensus and single undertaking. However, at times, decisions of the WTO dispute settlement body 39 have been called into question, highlighting potentially negative implications for the sustainable development policies of developing countries (see A/HRC/33/40, paras. 70-72). The current round of negotiations, the Doha Development Agenda, brought to the debate several important measures for implementing the right to development, including access to patented medicines and strengthening special and differential treatment for developing countries and least developed countries, as well as flexibility for the latter countries in implementing trade liberalization measures. However, this round has largely stalled, despite some limited breakthroughs. With the apparent deadlock in the Doha Round, bilateral investment treaties and free trade agreements have 36 37 38 39 10 See chapter 12, Human security, in Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, available at www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessmentreport/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap12_FINAL.pdf. See the full Working Group III Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report, available at www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/ipcc_wg3_ar5_full.pdf. See www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/ClimateChange/KeyMessages_on_HR_CC.pdf. See, for example, document WT/DS456/AB/R.