A/HRC/43/64
the implementation of the Goals (A/74/349) and on practical recommendations for the
participation of civil society in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development (A/HRC/41/41/Add.2). The Special Rapporteur on the situation of human
rights in Cambodia focused on the implementation of the Goals in Cambodia and on
assessing the protection of those at risk of being left behind (A/HRC/42/60 and Add.1).
17.
Access to justice was repeatedly addressed by different mandate holders: the Special
Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of
living, and on the right to non-discrimination in this context, looked into access to justice
for the right to housing (A/HRC/40/61), the Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human
rights by persons with albinism addressed the right to access to justice for persons with
albinism (A/HRC/40/62), the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
looked more generally at the question of indigenous peoples and justice (A/HRC/42/37)
and the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders addressed, inter alia,
access to justice in his report on impunity (A/74/159).
18.
The gender perspective and women’s human rights featured prominently, with, for
example, a report on the gender dimensions of the Guiding Principles on Business and
Human Rights by the Working Group on the issue of human rights and transnational
corporations and other business enterprises (A/HRC/41/43). Moreover, the Special
Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders addressed the situation of women
human rights defenders (A/HRC/40/60), the Working Group on the use of mercenaries as a
means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to selfdetermination focused on the gendered human rights impacts of private military and
security companies (A/74/244) and the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel,
inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment addressed the relevance of the prohibition
of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment to the context of
domestic violence (A/74/148).
19.
Furthermore, the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and
consequences focused on a human rights-based approach to mistreatment and violence
against women in reproductive health services, with a focus on childbirth and obstetric
violence (A/74/137). The Working Group on discrimination against women and girls
prepared a report on women deprived of their liberty (A/HRC/41/33). Lastly, the Special
Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants produced two reports, one on the impact of
migration on migrant women and girls (A/HRC/41/38) and another on good practices and
initiatives on gender-responsive migration legislation and policies (A/74/191).
20.
There was also a focus on prevention, with the report of the Special Rapporteur on
the right to education focusing ways in which the right to education contributes to
preventing atrocity crimes and mass or grave human rights violations (A/74/243). In that
context, the Special Rapporteur on the promotion of truth, justice, reparation and guarantees
of non-recurrence examined practical experiences of domestic reparation programmes
(A/HRC/42/45) and addressed the question of apologies for gross human rights violations
and serious violations of international humanitarian law (A/74/147).
21.
Several reports related to migration issues, including the above-mentioned reports of
the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants (A/HRC/41/38 and A/74/191). The
Independent Expert on human rights and international solidarity looked at the
criminalization or suppression of the rendering of humanitarian assistance to migrants and
refugees entering a State in an irregular manner (A/HRC/41/44).
22.
The environment also featured prominently, with a report on climate change and
poverty by the Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights (A/HRC/41/39 and
Corr.1) and a report on the link between the right to development and disaster risk
reduction by the Special Rapporteur on the right to development (A/74/163). The reports of
the Special Rapporteur on the issue of human rights obligations relating to the enjoyment of
a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment focused on the right to breathe clean air
(A/HRC/40/55) and on climate change (A/74/161).
23.
Emerging issues such as the impact of new technologies on human rights were
addressed in: the reports of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the
right to freedom of opinion and expression, which looked into surveillance and human
rights (A/HRC/41/35) and hate speech online (A/74/486); the report of the Special
Rapporteur on the right to privacy, which focused on the protection and use of health-
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