A/HRC/45/CRP.11 with the remainder taking place in the context of protests.635 Foro Penal describes a “revolving door” phenomenon in cases, in which as some people are detained, other people are released, so that the number of detainees remains somewhat fixed over time. 636 Breakdown by year of selective detentions according to Foro Penal 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Total 99 38 113 146 260 167 79 902 247. The Mission organized its investigation into two categories: political targets and associates or perceived associates, who were detained by SEBIN, and military targets and associates, who were detained by DGCIM. As the selected cases reveal, military targets and associates have generally been subjected to particularly severe treatment. 1. Targets of repression: Political Officials and Associates 248. Starting in 2014, a first wave of targets included people affiliated with the organization of the La Salida protests. This included leaders of opposition parties, in particular those that formed part of the coalition Movimiento de Unidad Democrática (MUD), opposition mayors, human rights activists, social media users, student leaders and people perceived to be on the “front line” of the demonstrations. Cases investigated by the Mission include that of Mr. Antonio Ledezma and Mr. Leopoldo López. The repression extended to political leaders and others taking critical stances against the Government during the 2017 and 2019 political crises. 249. People associated with political and social leaders involved in the protests were also targeted. This included individuals perceived to be their friends or associates or those who were accused of receiving foreign funds or having close ties with political opposition figures. 250. The State apparatus also targeted opposition mayors in municipalities that were seen as anti-Government or that showed a strong participation in the 2014 protests. All of the detentions of mayors took place prior to December 2017, when the elections of municipal mayors took place and in which the opposition parties only won 29 of the 334 seats, amidst allegations of electoral irregularities.637 Between 2014 and 2017, ten opposition mayors were removed from office by decisions of the Supreme Court of Justice, five of whom were removed in July and August 2017.638 251. At least six opposition mayors were detained between April 2014 and December 2017, for periods ranging from 72 hours to over 4 years, under charges including rebellion, 635 636 637 638 until: (1) a formal decision of the judicial authority unjustly ordering his/her deprivation of liberty (including pretrial detention) is issued; (2) the maximum legal and constitutional time limit (48 hours from his or her arrest) expires without his or her being released or presented to the competent judicial authority; or (3) bail is granted, but seven days have elapsed since the requirements for posting bail have been met and the release has not been executed. Foro Penal, Detenciones de Presos políticos por circunstancias distintas a manifestaciones y protestas, sobre la base de “Presos Políticos”, p. 1, document on file with the Mission. Foro Penal, Detenciones de Presos políticos por circunstancias distintas a manifestaciones y protestas, sobre la base de “Presos Políticos”, p. 1, document on file with the Mission. See, e.g., Foro Penal, La Puerta Giratoria de los Presos Políticos en Venezuela, available at: https://foropenal.com/la-puerta-giratoria-de-los-presos-politicos-en-venezuela/ See National Electoral Council, results of the December 2017 municipal elections, available at: http://www.cne.gob.ve/resultadosMunicipales2017/ Daniel Ceballos (removed by judgment of 10 April 2014); Vicencio “Enzo” Scarano (removed form office 9 April 2014); Alfredo Ramos, Mayor of Iribarren Municipality, Lara state (28 July 2017); Lumay Barreto, Mayor of Paéz Municipality, Apure state (2 June 2015); Carlos Garcia, Mayor of Libertador Municipality, Merida state (28 July 2017); Gustavo Marcano, Mayor of Diego Bautista Urbaneja Municipality, Anzoátegui state (25 July 2017); Carlos Garcia (28 July 2017); David Smolansky (9 August 2017); Ramon Muchacho (9 August 2017); and Gerardo Blyde (9 August 2017). 67