A/HRC/42/44/Add.1 (b) Ensure the effectiveness of complaint mechanisms and access to them, by providing information in languages accessible to migrants and legal assistance to facilitate access to justice and remedies for human rights violations; (c) chains. Prosecute perpetrators involved in the criminal infiltration of supply Cross-cutting concerns 115. The Special Rapporteur recommends that the Government: (a) Apply a non-bureaucratic multi-stakeholder approach to the caporalato by clearly defining which entity is responsible for which area (for example, transportation, housing, etc.); (b) End the influence of organized crime in agriculture through better governance, for example by ensuring adequate, safe and accessible public transportation systems to and from agricultural fields to avoid dependency on intermediaries; (c) Create stronger incentives for employers and other stakeholders, such as trade unions, to participate in the Quality Agricultural Work Network to enhance ethical business in line with the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights; (d) Actively promote alternative agricultural production models that are based on a sustainable, environmentally friendly agriculture and do not depend on a low-cost labour force and the exploitation of workers; (e) Strengthen cooperation and coordination between the central and regional governments to increase the effectiveness of preventing and addressing labour exploitation; (f) Establish effective, non-bureaucratic national certification and labelling schemes for agricultural businesses that respect labour rights and standards; (g) Address the specific needs of women workers through more direct protection and prevention measures, irrespective of whether or not they disclose that they are victims of human trafficking; (h) More effectively address corruption in the administration at various levels to avoid fraudulent practices and ineffective labour inspections. B. Recommendations to the European Union 116. The Special Rapporteur recommends that the European Union: (a) Address the root causes of labour exploitation in agriculture by assessing the way food is grown, harvested and distributed within European Union member States; (b) Ensure that the Common Agricultural Policy after 2020 addresses social inclusion and workers’ rights and that supply chains are free from exploitation and abuse; (c) Tie funding and subsidies to the Italian agricultural sector to respect for labour rights and standards; (d) Raise awareness among consumers and citizens in its member States about the prevalence of labour exploitation in agriculture and about the efforts made by the European Union to prevent and address it. 19

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