A/HRC/44/40/Add.3 scope of deprivation beyond the income dimension as currently practiced. The indicators of MPI are also being reviewed to better reflect the social mobility of households. • Poverty rate is based on PLI while estimated living wage is based on Bank Negara Malaysia estimation. The former measures absolute poverty and the latter measures relative poverty. Both have different thresholds of income and needs depends on household consumption pattern and demography. • The 2018 survey findings quoted is based on a survey by UNICEF “Children Without” which included 16 low income flats in Kuala Lumpur and one in nearby Selangor. Paragraph 10 The Government should institute far-reaching reforms to the social protection system to ensure that the needs of people living in poverty are comprehensively addressed. This will in turn benefit the country as a whole. The Government should mount a serious and sustained campaign to eliminate poverty by adopting a comprehensive social protection floor for all its citizens and providing essential support for non-citizens. This would be consistent with recent moves related to the preparation of the 12th Malaysia Plan, the adoption of Shared Prosperity and Leaving No-One Behind as key policy themes, the Government’s recognition of the need for serious reforms, and the ongoing debates over the importance of strengthening social cohesion and national unity. Such reforms would make Malaysia more competitive internationally and promote economic growth that relies less on exploitation of cheap labor and more on a healthy and well-educated workforce, while improving productivity and reducing tax losses. They would also improve the well-being of the least well-off members of all racial and ethnic groups, reduce community tensions, and eliminate some of the factors conducive to national discord. Comments from the Government of Malaysia: • The Government has been emphasizing economic and social in its development planning since independence. Social assistances are implemented according to Ministerial and Agencies functions. In implementing the assistances, the Government realizes there are some duplication and silos. Therefore, it requires a more coordinated, integrated and holistic delivery mechanism for specific target groups for effective social protection. • Thus, the Government has reactivated Malaysia Social Protection Council (MySPC) in 2019. MySPC is a governing body that coordinates social protection programmes as well as to strengthen the national social protection system and coordinate all social protection policies and programmes and seriously address the issue of social safety net. This council will ensure that the national social protection action plan is consistently adequate and sustainable to ensure that no Malaysians are left behind.Malaysia is leveraging and empowering the existing Malaysia Social Protection Council (MySPC) as the platform to discuss and coordinate the policy and direction of Malaysia social protection. Paragraph 11 A new approach toward long neglected populations who face disparate rates of poverty is urgently needed. Even under the official line, indigenous peoples have much higher rates of poverty than the general population, and despite promises by politicians, continue to experience widespread violations of their rights. The government should also address the plight of the millions of non-citizens disproportionately affected by poverty—including migrants, refugees, stateless people, and unregistered Malaysians—who are systematically excluded from official poverty figures, neglected by policymakers, and often effectively barred from basic services. Comments from the Government of Malaysia: • On humanitarian grounds, the Government has always been collaborating with the United Nations High Commission for Refugees and its partners in providing access to basic needs as well as provision of skills, education, livelihood and healthcare to enable the refugees to take care of themselves in Malaysia. 6