A/HRC/10/16 page 18 50. As stated in the Palermo Protocol, factors that make people vulnerable to trafficking and demand must be addressed in the strategies to prevent trafficking. This fact is further reinforced by the Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking. Principle 4 and Guideline 7 state that strategies to prevent trafficking shall address demand as a root cause and States shall ensure that their interventions address the factors that increase vulnerability to trafficking, including inequality, poverty and all forms of discrimination and prejudice. 51. The definition of demand, which is an economic term, can be adapted to the context of trafficking to describe it as the desire “for labour that is exploitative or services which breach the human rights of the person delivering those services”.20 It includes demand for sexual exploitation; for cheap labour and domestic workers; for organ removal and sale; for illicit adoption and forced marriages; for criminal activities or begging or for exploitation within the army.21 As noted by several authors, globalization has increased the demand for cheap labour and services as well as for sex tourism.22 52. “The demand side of trafficking generally refers to the nature and extent of the exploitation of the trafficked persons after their arrival at the point of destination, as well as the social, cultural, political, economic, legal and developmental factors that shape the demand and facilitate the trafficking process.”23 As such, it does not have to be “properly understood as the demand for a trafficking victim’s prostitution, labour or services. Rather, demand must be understood expansively, as any act that fosters any form of exploitation that, in turn, leads to trafficking”.24 53. The United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking (UNGIFT) has identified three levels of demand related to human trafficking:25 • Employer demand (employers, owners, managers or subcontractors) • Consumer demand clients or prostitute-users (in the sex industry), corporate buyers (in manufacturing), household members (in domestic work) 20 UNODC, “Toolkit to Combat Trafficking in Persons”, 2008, p. 457. 21 UNODC and UNGIFT, “Human Trafficking: an overview”, 2008, p. 13. 22 See Sector Project against Trafficking in Women (eds.) - Challenging Trafficking in Persons, Theoretical Debate and Practical Approaches (Nomos, 2005). Also, Cameron and Newman (eds.), Trafficking in Humans (United Nations University Press, 2008). 23 UNODC Toolkit, p. 457. 24 E/CN.4/2006/62, para. 52. 25 UNODC Toolkit, p. 457.