A/HRC/45/32 Contents Page I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 3 A. Mandate ................................................................................................................................ 3 B. Cooperation by Burundi with the Commission ..................................................................... 3 C. Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 3 D. Applicable law ...................................................................................................................... 4 Main developments ....................................................................................................................... 4 A. Developments within international and regional bodies ....................................................... 4 B. Developments in Burundi ..................................................................................................... 5 Situation of human rights .............................................................................................................. 7 A. Main trends ........................................................................................................................... 7 B. Violations in the context of the electoral process ................................................................. 7 C. Other violations .................................................................................................................... 11 D. Economic underpinnings of the State ................................................................................... 12 E. Responsibilities ..................................................................................................................... 15 International crimes ....................................................................................................................... 16 A. Constituent elements and types of crimes ............................................................................. 16 B. Individual responsibility ....................................................................................................... 16 V. Risk factors.................................................................................................................................... 16 VI. Conclusions and recommendations ............................................................................................... 17 I. Map of Burundi ............................................................................................................................. 20 II. Correspondence with the Government of Burundi ........................................................................ 21 III. Previous recommendations made by the Commission .................................................................. 30 IV. Indicators of common risk factors identified in the Framework of Analysis for Atrocity Crimes (A/70/741-S/2016/71) ................................................................................... 46 II. III. IV. Annexes 2 GE.20-10689