A/HRC/31/47 abductions. In areas controlled by groups pledging allegiance to ISIL, OHCHR received reports that girls were not allowed to attend school or were permitted only if wearing a fullface veil. OHCHR also received reports of girls being attacked and harassed by armed groups on their way to school in Tripoli. 59. OHCHR received information on the forced recruitment and use of children in hostilities by groups pledging allegiance to ISIL. OHCHR interviewed two boys, aged 10 and 14 years, who had been forcibly taken from their families. They had been forced to undergo religious and military training and to watch videos of beheadings. They were also sexually abused. One boy interviewed by OHCHR, who was “attached in service” to a foreign fighter and was responsible for cleaning clothes and delivering food, reported that, most evenings, “I knew what I had to do, I had to take my clothes off and turn around and bend over facing the wall”. According to a press report, the “Islamic State” in Sirte welcomed the “graduation” of 85 boys below the age of 16, describing them as the “Khilapha [Caliphate] Cubs”.11 OHCHR also documented a case in which a child was used to detonate a bomb in a vehicle by a group pledging allegiance to ISIL in Derna, in June 2015. VI. Overall findings 60. On the basis of the information collected and analysed, there are reasonable grounds to conclude that there were widespread violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law, and abuses of human rights in Libya throughout 2014 and 2015. These acts, which were committed by all parties to the conflict in Libya, included unlawful killings and executions; indiscriminate attacks, with an impact on civilians and civilian objects; attacks against and attacks having an impact on persons and objects protected under international humanitarian law; unwarranted destruction, appropriation and looting of private property; cases of arbitrary detention, abduction and disappearances, including enforced disappearances; torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; sexual and gender-based violence, and other forms of gender-based discrimination; and violations of economic, social and cultural rights. 61. Judicial actors and court facilities have been attacked. Human rights defenders and journalists have been subject to intimidation and attacks, including assassinations. Women have faced additional repressive measures curtailing their freedoms. Migrants have been arbitrarily detained or deprived of their liberty, frequently in inhumane conditions, and subjected to financial exploitation and forced labour. Tawerghan community members have been subjected to discrimination, and reported having been subjected to arbitrary detention and ill-treatment. Children have faced challenges to their enjoyment of their rights, including education. Groups pledging allegiance to ISIL have forcibly recruited and used children in hostilities and, in some cases, subjected them to sexual abuse. 62. Violations and abuses have not been limited to one area of Libya or to one actor; OHCHR documented such acts having also been perpetrated by State actors and armed groups, some of which affiliated with Libya Dawn or Operation Dignity. Other groups may be acting independently. Some actors were named with particular frequency during the investigation as being responsible for violations and abuses, including Operation Dignity forces and armed groups, such as the Al-Sai’qa Brigades of the Libyan National Army and Awliaa al-Damm; armed groups affiliated with Libya Dawn; Ansar al-Sharia; groups pledging allegiance to ISIL; and tribal armed groups in the south. Allegations were 11 See Saber Ayyub, “IS to graduate 85 suicide ‘Caliphate Cubs’ in Sirte tomorrow”, Libya Herald, 3 December 2015. 13