A/HRC/18/2 3. Emphasizes that democracy, transparent, responsible, accountable and participatory governance responsive to the needs and aspirations of the people, and respect for human rights, fundamental freedoms and the rule of law are essential for the effective prevention and elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance; 4. Also emphasizes that the elimination of all forms of discrimination as well as diverse forms of intolerance, the promotion and protection of rights of indigenous peoples and the respect for ethnic, cultural and religious diversity contribute to strengthening and promoting democracy and political participation; 5. Condemns political platforms and organizations based on racism, xenophobia or doctrines of racial superiority and related discrimination, as well as legislation and practices based on racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, as incompatible with democracy and transparent and accountable governance; 6. Urges States to reinforce their commitment to promote tolerance and human rights and to fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance as a way to strengthen democracy, the rule of law and transparent and accountable governance; 7. Also urges States to ensure that their political and legal systems reflect the multicultural diversity within their societies through promoting diversity, and to improve democratic institutions, making them more fully participatory and inclusive and avoiding marginalization and exclusion of, and discrimination against, specific sectors of society; 8. Underlines the key role that political leaders and political parties can and ought to play in strengthening democracy by combating racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, and encourages political parties to take concrete steps to promote respect, solidarity and tolerance, and, in that respect, recognizes, inter alia, that developing voluntary codes of conduct that include internal disciplinary measures for violations thereof, so their members refrain from public statements and actions that encourage or incite racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, can help combat such manifestations; 9. Emphasizes the obligations of States under international law, as applicable, to exercise due diligence to prevent crimes against migrants perpetrated with racist or xenophobic motivations, to investigate such crimes and to punish the perpetrators, and that not doing so violates — and impairs or nullifies the enjoyment of — the human rights and fundamental freedoms of victims, and urges States to reinforce measures in this regard; 10. Also emphasizes that human rights education and training is a key tool in countering the rise of extremist political parties, movements and groups, and that educational measures are crucial in promoting human rights and democratic values at an early age; 11. Stresses the need to increase appropriate preventive measures to eliminate all forms of racial discrimination, emphasizes the important role that Governments, political leaders, international and regional organizations, national human rights institutions, the media, non-governmental organizations and civil society can play in developing such measures, and encourages them to remain vigilant against the penetration of racist and xenophobic ideas into the political platforms of democratic parties; 12. Encourages States to consider developing public information and awarenessraising and education campaigns with a transdisciplinary approach with a view to combating discrimination and intolerance; GE.12-17756 43