A/HRC/31/34 in the Optional Protocol. Article 9 also addresses the important issue of rehabilitation and compensation for children who have fallen victim to offences involving images of child sexual abuse. 10. In recent years, the Committee on the Rights of the Child has given increasing attention to ICT and the Internet in its concluding observations. In its recommendations, the Committee has highlighted crucial areas requiring further efforts, including the adoption of a national coordinating framework to address all forms of violence against children, including on the Internet (CRC/C/LUX/CO/3-4, para. 30 (b)); the passing of comprehensive legislation to criminalize “all forms of child pornography and sexual exploitation of children on the Internet” (CRC/C/CHN/CO/3-4, para. 46 (d)) and the solicitation of children for sexual purposes and accessing child pornography by means of ICT (CRC/C/OPSC/PRT/CO/1, para. 26 (a)); measures to prevent the publication and dissemination of pornographic material concerning children through surveillance mechanisms to automatically block offending Internet service providers and other media; taking prompt steps to establish an authority for Internet safety, licensing of service providers and checks for content harmful to children (see CRC/C/OPSC/USA/CO/2); and encouraging cooperation with ICT and other relevant industries to facilitate the development of voluntary, self-regulatory, professional and ethical guidelines and standards of conduct and other initiatives, such as technical solutions promoting online safety that are accessible to children (CRC/C/CHE/CO/2-4, para. 37 (b)). It has also considered the significant impact that digital media and ICT are having on children’s lives; its general comments No. 13 (freedom from all forms of violence), No. 14 (best interests), No. 16 (business sector) and No. 17 (right to rest, leisure and play) all make explicit reference to digital media and ICT. Furthermore, in 2014, its day of general discussion was focused on the theme of “digital media and children’s rights”. 11. Other bodies have adopted international standards to combat cybercrime and protect children from online risks and harm, including the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and Convention No. 182 of the International Labour Organization on the Worst Forms of Child Labour. 12. Several regional conventions are applicable to the issue of child sexual exploitation online, including the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse and the Convention on Cybercrime; the African Union Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection; the Agreement on Cooperation among the States members of the Commonwealth of Independent States in Combating Offences related to Computer Information; and the Arab Convention on Combating Information Technology Offences. IV. Identifying child sexual exploitation online A. Scope of the problem 13. At the beginning of 1998, fewer than 200 million people around the world were online. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) estimates that, by the end of 2015, the number of Internet users globally will have reached 3.2 billion. Of these, two 4