A/HRC/31/34 reporting self-generated sexually explicit content to the relevant authority. Secondly, once it has been confirmed that an image or video of a child is of a sexually explicit nature, procedures must exist to ensure fast and effective removal of the content. Sexual extortion or “sextortion” 4. 27. Self-generated images are sometimes used by perpetrators to manipulate or coerce children to obtain sexual favours from them. “Sextortion” refers to the process by which a person is coerced with a view to procure sexual favours, sexual material, money or other goods. There usually is a perceived imbalance of power between the perpetrator and the victim allowing the perpetrator to exert coercive pressure on the victim to accede to sexual or monetary demands. The sexual component in this practice can involve demands for all types of sexual activity, such as exposing private body parts, posing for sexual photographs or submitting to physical abuse. 28. Many young people and children sharing self-generated sexual content online do not take any steps to conceal their identity or location. This increases the risk of extortion by perpetrators using identifying information and personal information to coerce the victim. In additionally, when the extortion results in the dissemination of self-generated indecent images online, this can result in other negative consequences for the victims, such as cyberbullying, further victimizing the child. 5. Child sexual abuse live streaming 29. In recent years, rising Internet coverage, the availability of improved broadband connections and mobile technology combined with other social and cultural factors in the developing world have facilitated the emergence of an evolving form of child online sexual exploitation: child sexual abuse live streaming. 14 In this case, adults pay to direct and view a live video of children performing sexual acts in front of a webcam. The practice transcends borders, given that the viewer may be located in any part of the world without the need to travel, which makes detection and enforcement more difficult. C. Risk factors increasing vulnerability 30. While Internet coverage is spreading rapidly across the globe, its development is not equal, with online connectivity varying greatly from one country to another. Moreover, children may interact with the Internet in different ways, which makes them vulnerable to different risks. 31. In poorer countries, children who have access to the Internet may be particularly vulnerable to online solicitation because their economic situation may pressure them into accepting propositions that include payment. 15 At the same time, parents and teachers might be unaware of the online risks involved, effectively removing an important source of support and protection for children. 32. Different age groups experience online risks in different ways and are also targeted differently. Younger children may be particularly vulnerable online because they lack technical expertise and the ability to identify possible risks. According to figures compiled by the Internet Watch Foundation, more than 80 per cent of victims in known child sexual 14 15 8 See Save the Children, “Webcam Child Sex Tourism. Becoming Sweetie: a novel approach to stopping the global rise of Webcam Child Sex Tourism”. Warren J. Blumenfeld and R.M. Cooper, “LGBT and Allied Youth Responses to Cyberbullying: Policy implications”, International Journal of Critical Pedagogy, vol. 3, No. 1, 2010.