A/HRC/15/22
also — and increasingly — between developing countries and between developed countries
themselves. Although very limited statistical data on this issue exist, it appears from the
information reported by States parties to the secretariat of the Basel Convention that the
majority of transboundary movements occur nowadays within the same region, and involve
industrialized countries. The amounts of wastes transferred either from one region to
another or involving developing countries are small in comparison, although they are also
increasing.
23.
The Council itself has recognized that the management and disposal of toxic and
dangerous products and wastes has now become a global problem. The Special Rapporteur
is delighted to note that resolution 9/1, which extended the mandate for a further period of
three years, was for the first time adopted by consensus. Resolution 12/18, which called for
the organization of a panel discussion on toxic waste, was also adopted without a vote. This
shows the serious commitment of the Human Rights Council to address the global
challenges posed by the transboundary movement and dumping of toxic and dangerous
products and wastes on the enjoyment of human rights.
24.
In this section, the Special Rapporteur would like to highlight some issues which
will continue to deserve the attention of the mandate in view of their scale, their potential or
actual adverse impact on human rights and/or the lack of an adequate legal framework. He
would also like to draw the attention of the Council to two emerging issues that would need
to be carefully studied from a human rights perspective.
1.
Suggested areas of continued focus
Shipbreaking
25.
Every year, on average, about 600 end-of-life ships containing large amounts of
toxic and hazardous substances and materials, including asbestos, polychlorinated
biphenyls, heavy metals, oils and fuels, are sent to the beaches of South Asia, where they
are dismantled without concrete covering or any containment other than the hull of the ship
itself.13 This method of ship dismantling, commonly referred to as “beaching”, generates
significant levels of pollution of coastal soil, air, sea and groundwater resources, and
adversely affects local communities, which often rely on agriculture and fishing for their
subsistence. Furthermore, a great number of workers die or are seriously injured because of
work-related accidents, or develop occupational diseases related to long-term exposure to
hazardous materials present on end-of-life ships.
26.
The adverse impact of shipbreaking on the enjoyment of human rights has been
considered in a number of thematic and mission reports. In last year’s annual report
(A/HRC/12/26), the Special Rapporteur provided a comprehensive analysis of this
phenomenon and its adverse effects on the human rights of the workers in shipbreaking
yards and those living in proximity of the yards. The report described the efforts undertaken
by the international community to develop a legal framework to address these serious
concerns, and focused, in particular, on the Hong Kong International Convention for the
Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships, adopted under the auspices of the
International Maritime Organization (IMO) in May 2009.
13
GE.10-14907
Due to the IMO phase-out of single-hull tankers and the global economic downturn, a greater number
of ships are expected to be sent for scrapping in the coming years. In 2009, the total number of ships
scrapped was over 1,200 (see N. Cotzias Shipping, Economic Outlook Report, February 2010), and it
is expected that this figure will be matched, or exceeded, in 2010.
9
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