A/HRC/20/20 covered.8 United Nations entities have, in many instances, developed the content of training programmes in collaboration with recipients, such as in the case of Albania.9 The needs of different groups of women should also be taken into account in developing training initiatives. Some United Nations entities have focused their initiatives on particular groups of women, for example, certain programmes have focused on the needs and situation of rural and indigenous women in Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama and Peru,. With regard to persons living with or affected by HIV, UNAIDS has emphasized that training members of the judiciary on HIV and human rights is critical, noting that protective judicial application of the law is essential in that it protects people living with or vulnerable to HIV against violations of their rights, addresses fears, misconceptions and prejudices against people living with and vulnerable to HIV, generates a sense of dignity and justice among people living with or vulnerable to HIV, and supports access to prevention, treatment, care and support services for all. 86. Partnerships with international and national organizations, such as national judicial institutions and civil society organizations, have a key importance. Partnering with judicial institutions helps to establish contact with judges who may be resistant to or not usually engaged in women’s rights and gender equality issues. In India, for example, active support was provided by the State Judicial Academy in the development of a training methodology on access to justice for judges and lawyers; the active participation of civil society representatives brought “real life” experience into the judicial training programme. 10 In Zambia, the Zambia Association of Women Judges was a key partner, as was the Ministry of Justice in Morocco. In Jamaica, there was a partnership involving the Jamaica Bureau of Women’s Affairs to support the development and implementation of capacity-building in procedures to respond to sexual assault and approaches for prosecutors and the police. Successful training programmes have also been conducted in partnership with higher learning institutions; for instance, training programmes for lawyers on women’s human rights and mainstreaming gender into the transitional justice process are carried out in partnership with the Human Rights Centre at the University of Chile and the External University of Colombia in Bogotá. 87. Training initiatives should be institutionalized and set out within a standardized curriculum in order to ensure sustainability of results and delivery of justice for women. 11 A number of initiatives have institutionalized training programmes, which include, for instance, educational modules on women’s socio-economic rights, gender-based discrimination and gender equality in the workplace as an integral part of mandatory judicial academy curriculum in Serbia; the integration of issues surrounding gender-biased sex selection and the relevant national legislation into the induction and refresher programmes of the Maharasthra State Judicial Academy in India; the inclusion of the issue of domestic violence in the training curriculum of the Academy for Judges and Public Prosecutors in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; or the development of a 8 9 10 11 22 See for example Sheila Reed, Evaluation of United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) and CIDA-funded Project (2007-2009) “Strengthening Women’s Legal Rights in Aceh, Indonesia”, UNIFEM Regional Office, Bangkok, and UNIFEM Project Office, Aceh, Indonesia, , September 2009. See the Mid-term Evaluation of the United Nations Joint Programme on Gender Equality in Albania (July 2008-June 2011), November/December 2009, commissioned by UNIFEM Albania. See UNDP, Outcome Evaluation of UNPD India’s Democratic Governance Programmes (20082011). Available from www.in.undp.org/content/india/en/home/knowledge-and-solutions/evaluationreports/. Kerstin Eppert, Mid-term Evaluation of the Project “Women Building Peace and Human Security in the Western Balkans: Implementing United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325”, UNIFEM, 2010.