A/HRC/30/19 safe drinking water89 and sanitation,90 including access to such basic hygiene products such as soap and toilet paper free of charge,91 and adequate sleeping arrangements, including a clean mattress and bedding.92 23. Failure to ensure proper implementation of these rights has led to violations of other rights, including the right to safety and security, as inadequate food provision has led to tensions in places of detention and even violence,93 as well as freedom from cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.94 Clean water supply, effective sewage and waste disposal, hygienic food preparation and general hygiene practices are all essential to a clean and healthy prison environment and to preventing and controlling the spread of disease,95 and their absence can also negatively affect the right to health96 and even the right to life.97 E. Right to education and rehabilitation 24. Underlining that detainees constitute a highly marginalized group facing endemic violations of their right to education, the Special Rapporteur on the right to education has emphasized the negative impact of overcrowding on the exercise of this right. Overcrowding puts significant strain on the available resources as demand exceeds the staff and facilities available.98 It is common that people in places of detention are locked in overcrowded cells for 23 hours a day without any purposeful out-of-cell activity99 and no rehabilitation programmes,100 without possibilities to continue their education101 or take part in skills development and vocational programmes.102 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 See www.achpr.org/files/sessions/37th/missionreports/ethiopia/misrep_specmec_priso_ethopia_2004_eng.pdf, p. 33. See also Council of Europe document CPT/Inf (2014) 26, para. 110; A/HRC/25/71, para. 35; and CAT/OP/BEN/1, para. 208. See A/HRC/13/39/Add.5, para. 91; A/HRC/25/60/Add.1, para. 44; CCPR/C/BGR/CO/3, para. 18; and CCPR/C/NIC/CO/3, para. 17. See CAT/C/FIN/CO/5-6, para. 14; CAT/C/GRC/CO/5-6, para. 14; CAT/C/MDA/CO/2, para. 18; CCPR/C/JAM/CO/3, para. 23; CAT/OP/BEN/1, para. 208; and CPT/Inf (2014) 26, para. 101. See CAT/OP/BRA/1, para. 106, and CAT/OP/MEX/1, para. 187. See CAT/OP/PRY/1, para. 148; CAT/OP/BRA/1, para. 137; A/HRC/22/53/Add.2, para. 47; Tibi v. Ecuador, Inter-American Court of Human Rights Judgement (2004), para. 150; www.achpr.org/files/sessions/12th-eo/mission-reports/promotion_mission2012/mission_report_mauritania_cpta_eng.pdf, para. 75; and Council of Europe document CPT/Inf (2015) 12, para. 65. See CAT/C/TGO/CO/2, para. 13, and CAT/OP/PRY/1, para. 183. See Montero-Aranguren v. Venezuela, Inter-American Court of Human Rights Judgement (2006), para. 99. See A/HRC/23/41/Add.1, para. 52. See CAT/C/PER/CO/5-6, para. 10; CAT/OP/BEN/1, para. 218; and www.achpr.org/files/sessions/37th/mission-reports/prisons2004/misrep_specmec_priso_southafrica_2004_eng.pdf, p. 3. See CAT/C/TGO/CO/2, para. 13, and CCPR/C/MOZ/CO/1, para. 14. See A/HRC/11/8, para. 12, and Council of Europe document CPT/Inf (97) 10, para. 13. See Boyce v. Barbados, Inter-American Court of Human Rights Judgement (2007), para. 93-94; Council of Europe document CPT/Inf (2014) 26, para. 93; CAT/C/BGR/CO/4-5, para. 21; and A/HRC/13/39/Add.5, para. 234. See Juvenile Reeducation Institute v. Paraguay, Inter-American Court of Human Rights Judgement (2004), para. 134.24; Council of Europe document CPT/Inf (2014) 31, para. 56; A/HRC/25/60/Add.1, para. 85; and A/HRC/22/53/Add.2, para. 47. See CAT/OP/MEX/1, para. 170. See www.achpr.org/files/sessions/37th/mission-reports/prisons2004/misrep_specmec_priso_southafrica_2004_eng.pdf, p. 54; and Council of Europe document CPT/Inf (2014) 21, para. 43. 9