A/HRC/30/20 V. Conclusions and recommendations 48. Prevention of human rights violations is primarily the responsibility of the State. It requires a proactive, continuing and systemic process of addressing risk factors and causes of human rights violations through a range of measures, including law, policy and practice, to ensure respect for and protection of all human rights for all those within the State’s territory or jurisdiction. International and regional organizations contribute to the prevention of human rights violations through their respective mandates by supporting States to fulfil their human rights obligations. 49. A framework for the prevention of human rights violations requires the ratification of human rights treaties and their implementation at the domestic level; regular and independent review of existing and proposed laws and policies for compliance with those provisions; and ensuring effective remedies for human rights violations that provide redress for the victim and institutional change to prevent recurrence. This in turn requires the establishment of independent institutions, including NHRIs and an accessible and effective legal system. 50. A culture of human rights compliance should be developed through effective, independent, transparent monitoring and inspection, which engages critically and constructively with all stakeholders, including rights holders, in particular women and members of the most vulnerable and marginalized groups. 51. Effective human rights education, which develops knowledge, skills and attitudes prompting action for human rights and uses sound methodologies, is essential and complementary to other preventive measures. 52. States must protect against human rights abuse by private actors and may breach their international human rights law obligations where they fail to take appropriate steps to prevent, investigate, punish and redress private actors’ abuse. States should consider the full range of permissible preventative and remedial measures, including policies legislation, regulations and adjudication. Concomitantly, private actors should also respect the human rights of others, and business enterprises should comply with their responsibility to respect human rights. This requires taking adequate measures for the prevention, mitigation and, where appropriate, remediation of adverse human rights impacts. 53. The State should provide an enabling environment for NHRIs and civil society to perform their functions, which will further contribute to its primary responsibility to prevent human rights violations. NHRIs and civil society provide independent expertise, assistance to victims, information to the public and specific groups about their rights and how to access them, and undertake other functions such as visiting places where persons are deprived of liberty. 54. Planning and monitoring tools, including human rights impact assessments, can assist States to promote and protect human rights, and prevent violations thereof through human rights indicators, collection and analysis of statistics, taking into account the OHCHR framework (HR/PUB/12/5). African Republic in 2013-14, the HRUF approach created a renewed sense of responsibility among United Nations senior leadership of the need to address the crisis from a human rights protection perspective. 17