A/HRC/37/32 specific national strategies or plans of action to realize the rights to health, housing, education, social security and decent work of all migrants, ensuring that they pay due attention to the situation of irregular migrants. 23 29. One positive example of awareness-raising made by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights is the Task Force on Combating Human Trafficking, established by the Government of Austria, which provides migrant domestic workers with information about their rights in their first language when applying for a visa. D. Youth 30. Access to decent work for young people is a global problem. Seventy three million young people worldwide are seeking employment; in Europe, the unemployment rate for those under 25 is 2.6 times higher than for the rest of the population.24 According to the European Youth Forum, young people often lack the experience they need to be competitive in the global labour market and in Europe, and few employers are willing to engage and invest in young and inexperienced workers. To gain the necessary experience, many have to accept unpaid internships, which excludes the most marginalized who cannot afford to work for free. In this regard, the European Youth Forum has called upon States to regulate internships and to ban unpaid ones to ensure fair access for all young people, regardless of their socioeconomic background. Moreover, cuts to education, especially to support services, made by many States in response to the financial crisis that broke out in 2008, are said to have further reduced access to quality education for many disadvantaged children, and considerably limited their access to decent work.25 31. Some States have lowered labour standards and social protection for private actors employing young people. The European Committee on Social Rights has criticized States for proposing special apprenticeship contracts that have in effect create a distinct category of workers excluded from the general range of protection offered by the social security system.26 Some States have set the minimum wage for young people substantially lower than that of the general population,27 despite indications that, in many States, the legal minimum wage is insufficient to secure an adequate standard of living. 28 Some States have also restricted the social security benefits that young people may receive.29 32. Key measures that should be taken in this context include national policies relating to adequate education and vocational training with a view to promoting access to employment opportunities, particularly for young women. 30 As pointed out by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, all workers should be protected against age discrimination, and young workers should not suffer wage discrimination by, for example, being forced to accept low wages that do not reflect their skills. The Committee also emphasized that the excessive use of unpaid internships and training programmes, as well as of short-term and fixed-term contracts that negatively affect job security, career prospects and social security benefits, is not in line with the right to just and favourable conditions of work.31 33. Given the multifaceted aspects of employment, in Finland, the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment and other ministries are developing, under the Youth Guarantee scheme, “one-stop-shop” service points, the aim of which is to bring together service providers and to increase cooperation between administrative bodies. 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 8 Ibid., p. 135. Council of Europe, “Youth human rights at risk during the crisis”, 3 June 2014. European Youth Forum, Excluding Youth: A Threat to Our Future, 2016. Council of Europe, “Youth human rights at risk” (see footnote 24). Ibid. Youth Employment UK, “Living, a wage, and young people”, 2016. Joseph Rowntree Foundation ‘Young People and Social Security: An International Review (York, October 2015). Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights general comment No. 18 (2005) on the right to work, para. 14. Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights general comment No. 23 (2016) on the right to just and favourable conditions of work, para. 47 (b).

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