of the football game, an additional 2,000 police officers would patrol the streets of Odesa. 38. Early in the morning of 2 May, at least 600 football fans arrived from Kharkiv. Football fans from both teams are known to have strong “Pro-Unity”55 sympathies. A pre-match rally for “United Ukraine” had been planned for 3.00 p.m. on Sobornaya square and gathered, at least, 2,000 people, including supporters of the two football teams, Right Sector activists, members of so-called self-defence units, and other “Pro-Unity” supporters. Right Sector and “self-defence” unit supporters were observed by the HRMMU wearing helmets and masks, and armed with shields, axes, wooden/metallic sticks and some with firearms. By 3:00 p.m. the HRMMU had observed 15 police officers on Sobornaya square and two buses of riot police officers parked nearby. 39. Meanwhile, the HRMMU observed that about 450 metres away from Sobornaya street, “Pro-Federalism” activists, comprising approximately 300 activists from “Odesskaya Druzhina” (radical “Pro-Federalism” movement), had also gathered one hour earlier. They reportedly intended to prevent the “Pro-Unity��� rally; and were wearing helmets, shields, masks, axes, wooden/metal sticks and some of them with firearms. 40. The HRMMU observed an insufficient and inadequate police presence to manage and ensure security, and crowd control of the “United Ukraine” march towards the football stadium. The HRMMU noted that additional police officers arrived at the scene, but were unable to stop the violent confrontation. 41. At 3.15 p.m., the “Pro-Federalism Odesskaya Drujina”, “Narodnaya Drujina” and other activists approached the Sobornaya square and started to provoke the participants of the “United Ukraine” rally. Clashes arose and quickly turned into mass disorder, which lasted for several hours until 6.30 p.m. Police officers and supporters from both sides were injured during the afternoon. Six men were killed by gunshots fired by activists. 42. The HRMMU observed that following the clashes in the city centre, some “ProFederalism” activists ran from the area chased by “Pro-Unity” supporters. Approximately 60 “Pro-Federalism” activists took refuge in the “Afina” shopping centre, which had been closed during the day. The “Afina” shopping centre was then surrounded by “Pro-Unity” activists. Riot police (Special Forces “SOKOL”) arrived on the scene, and reportedly took away 47 “Pro-Federalism” activists, while letting women out of the complex. Other “Pro-Federalism” supporters ran from the clashes to the tent camp at the Kulikovo Pole square, where approximately 200 supporters had gathered (including all the “Pro-Federalism” leaders) during the afternoon. 43. Some “Pro-Unity” politicians called upon their supporters to march towards the Kulikovo Pole square. At 7.00 p.m., the “Pro-Unity” supporters marched in that direction, accompanied behind them by approximately 60 riot police. 55 The terms “Pro-Unity” and “Pro-Federalism” are used in the context as describing the motivations and orientation of the supporters / activists. 77 | P a g e