A/HRC/RES/41/23 all parties to respect and protect the full enjoyment by children of all their human rights, and to allow at all times humanitarian workers to reach children and families in need of lifesaving assistance, and to prevent and protect children from all exploitation, violations and abuses, including sexual and gender-based violence and child, early and forced marriage, trafficking and torture by, among other actions, ending and preventing the recruitment and use of children in the armed conflict, immediately, safely and unconditionally releasing children and handing them over to civilian child-protection actors, and ensuring that such authorities have access to detained children associated with armed groups; 13. Urges all parties to the conflict to comply with their respective obligations under international human rights law and international humanitarian law, and demands that all parties, particularly the Syrian authorities and their State and non-State allies, refrain from carrying out attacks against the civilian population and civilian objects, such as schools, as well as on medical units, personnel, patients and transport and personnel involved in humanitarian assistance; 14. Expresses deep concern about the human rights situation and humanitarian access throughout the Syrian Arab Republic, particularly in areas that have come under the control of the Syrian authorities, and urges them and their allies to ensure timely, unhindered, unimpeded and sustained and safe humanitarian access, and respect for international human rights law and international humanitarian law; 15. Expresses its profound concern at the findings of the Commission of Inquiry that sexual and gender-based violence against women, girls, men and boys has been a persistent issue in the Syrian Arab Republic since the uprising in 2011, and that women and girls have been disproportionately affected and victimized on multiple grounds; 16. Notes the findings of the Commission of Inquiry that such acts of sexual and gender-based violence were committed most commonly by Syrian authorities and associated militia, as well as by so-called Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (Daesh), that they represent a widespread and systematic attack directed against the civilian population, amounting to crimes against humanity, and that such acts constitute the war crimes of rape and other forms of sexual violence, including torture and outrages upon personal dignity; 17. Strongly condemns all acts of sexual and gender-based violence and abuse, calls for immediate medical and psychosocial support to be provided to all survivors of such crimes and for every effort to be made to ensure justice for those who have suffered as a result of such crimes, and urges all parties to the conflict to respect and protect women’s and girls’ full enjoyment of human rights and to heed the recommendations made by the Commission of Inquiry; 18. Also strongly condemns the continued widespread practices of enforced disappearance and arbitrary detention, notably widespread in areas where the Syrian authorities retook control in 2018, notes that the Commission of Inquiry has highlighted that the arbitrary detention of tens of thousands of individuals represents an urgent and large-scale crisis of human rights protection, also strongly condemns the use of sexual violence, torture and ill-treatment, particularly in detention facilities run by the Syrian authorities, including those acts referenced by the Commission of Inquiry in its reports and those depicted in the evidence presented by “Caesar” in January 2014, and recalls that such acts may constitute violations and abuses of international human rights law or violations of international humanitarian law; 19. Expresses deep concern at reports of mass executions and torture of prisoners, as well as reports that the Syrian authorities used a crematorium to conceal the mass killings, and at the number of deaths among individuals detained by the Syrian authorities, including in Syrian Military Intelligence facilities and military hospitals, as evidenced by the issuing of thousands of death notifications, which provides further indication of systematic violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law, and urges them to provide families with death certificates and the remains of their relatives whose fate has been disclosed, including those who have been summarily executed, to take all appropriate measures immediately to protect the lives and rights of all persons currently detained or unaccounted for, and to clarify the fate of those who remain missing or are still in custody; 4