A/HRC/35/37 auditor training, strengthening initiatives to share data and information, and using new technologies to enhance information gathering, for example through information technology platforms, hotlines or other such mechanisms. 56. Representatives from the auditing community agreed to propose a red-flag approach, which would enable auditors to investigate beyond the audit scope when predefined key indicators of labour exploitation were identified. Along those lines, a mapping of the supply chain could be instrumental in identifying risk practices beyond first-tier suppliers. Such an exercise would help client companies prioritize audits on the basis of the presence of risk indicators in subcontracting practices or high-risk geographical areas and economic sectors. 57. Participants in the consultations also discussed the professionalization of social auditing, current trends and developments in the industry and industry efforts to enhance auditor capacity and performance. They examined good practices in the area of assessment, partnerships with civil society and lessons learned in complementing audits with other strategies to enhance supply chain accountability. Members of the Association of Professional Social Compliance Auditors, recently established to enhance the professionalism of individual auditors and organizations performing independent social compliance audits, have been discussing the scope of social compliance audits, the competencies required of an auditor and the requirement for an audit firm to ensure their auditors are able to perform audits and act with integrity and independence at all times. 58. The second consultation also highlighted several data-sharing initiatives aimed at helping businesses to prioritize efforts, as well as the need to record data on labour recruiters. Partnerships and the role of advocacy in the social audit industry were also discussed, as was the need for an oversight mechanism, for example an accreditation system, to ensure quality and standards across the industry. 59. Diverse means of raising grievances and having them addressed were also debated, including examples of worker hotlines and innovations in the use of smartphone technology. However, it was noted that such efforts alone, not unlike social audits, cannot solve the complex problem of human trafficking, and must be reinforced through other means of awareness-raising, capacity-building, problem identification and access to remedy. Questions were raised about the role played by local authorities in the referral and follow-up of grievances, and about how best to coordinate with such authorities, when necessary. Good practices related to the rehabilitation of trafficking victims and their reintegration into communities and labour markets was also mentioned as a topic in need of urgent attention from all relevant stakeholders. 60. Speaking to the criticism that voluntary initiatives have received on their lack of impact in terms of transforming current business models, representatives of multistakeholder initiatives shared promising examples of efforts carried out by some initiatives in sector transformation that illustrate the positive impact that voluntary standards can have in enhancing higher standards in national-level policies and legislation. As voluntary standards alone are not sufficient to achieve sector transformation into a new sustainable business model, innovative approaches seek to combine the efforts of the public sector and those of voluntary initiatives. Collaboration across stakeholder groups, from businesses to civil society and regulators, was acknowledged as a precondition for such transformation, as were partnerships with governments, international organizations and the broader United Nations system. 61. Participants identified several other actions and interventions, listed below, which have also helped the Special Rapporteur define areas for further engagement and work under the mandate in strengthening the strategies implemented by multi-stakeholder initiatives and industry coalitions to detect and tackle trafficking in persons: (a) Corporate codes and policies must be strengthened to address risks of trafficking and forced labour in recruitment and labour supply chains, and must set out specific protections for migrant and other vulnerable workers; (b) Standard-setting, multi-stakeholder and certification initiatives should be encouraged to engage a broad cross section of stakeholders, including auditors, in the design and establishment of new standards systems; 12