A/HRC/35/37 voluntary standards strategy in which workers, trade unions and civil society play a central role at the standard-setting level and in monitoring schemes and corporate grievance mechanisms. 64. Voluntary standards alone are not sufficient to transform business models. Innovative approaches in sector transformation call for enhanced collaboration with governments. States must guarantee normative frameworks that, on the basis of international standards, protect workers from labour exploitation and set out clear expectations for businesses in this regard. 65. Against this backdrop, the Special Rapporteur wishes to make the recommendations listed below. A. 1. Recommendations to multi-stakeholder initiatives Recommendations regarding the standard-setting process 66. Criteria and indicators should be strengthened in accordance with the benchmarks and indicators for ensuring trafficking-free supply chains proposed by the Special Rapporteur (A/HRC/23/48/Add.4, appendix I) and should include at a minimum the following indicators: (a) All workers have the freedom to terminate employment at any time, without penalty, by means of reasonable notice, in accordance with national law or collective agreement; (b) Workers are not held in debt bondage or forced to work to pay off a debt of any kind, including non-monetary debt; (c) No fees or costs for recruitment are charged, directly or indirectly, in whole or in part, to the worker, including costs associated with the processing of official documents and work visas; (d) Employers that engage private employment and/or recruitment agencies use only agencies that are licensed or certified by the competent public authority; (e) Workers are provided with a written employment contract that is straightforward and understandable by the workers. Contracts for migrant workers are shared with the workers sufficiently in advance of their deployment; (f) Contract substitution and changes that diminish originally agreed wages, benefits or other conditions of work are prohibited; (g) Workers are paid in legal tender and provided written, itemized pay slips or receipts in a language they understand, indicating wage rates, hours worked, total pay and any legally authorized deductions made by the employer; (h) Workers that earn wages calculated on a performance-related basis do not earn less than the legally mandated minimum wage; (i) Wage payments are made at regular intervals directly to the worker and/or their bank account, and not delayed, deferred or withheld; (j) Deductions made from workers’ wages are lawful; (k) Wage advances or loans provided to workers, including interest rates and repayment terms, are compliant with the law, explained to workers in their own language and agreed in advance by both parties; (l) Workers retain full and complete control over their earnings and are free to spend such earnings at their discretion; (m) Workers are not compelled to make use of stores or services operated in connection with an undertaking. Where access to other stores or services is not possible, employers ensure that goods and services are sold or provided at fair and 14