A/HRC/45/10/Add.2
62.
In addition to IMIS, the results of water results of water quality testing are shared “to
all the major stakeholders in community” in accordance with the operational guidelines for
the JJM.48 The JJM guidelines also suggest that schools and health centers conduct awareness
and education programs on water quality and its importance.49 While these initiatives may
increase the literacy of members of the public regarding water quality, they cannot replace
efforts to make technical information accessible and clear to everyone.
63.
The Government made further efforts to widen access to information about water and
sanitation policy more generally. In 2018 the Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation
created the Sujal Swachh Sangraha, a knowledge- management portal dedicated first to the
Clean India Mission, and now to the JJM. Registered users, who are officials from the
Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation, and from state and district government, can
upload resources including good practice stories, training materials and notices regarding
local programs with the public.
64.
The Special Rapporteur notes the efforts to provide access to information regarding
water and sanitation policies across India and commends the Government’s efforts to use
ICT to provide access to the public. The information available is limited, however, to
providing pictures of policy progress according to the specifics standards of success of the
JJM and Clean India Mission. The Special Rapporteur further notes that those with access to
technology can more easily than others access this information, which creates inequalities in
access to information.
PROGRESS ON-GOING: The Special Rapporteur welcomes that the Jal Jeevan Mission
operational guidelines instruct that information on water quality gathered through
monitoring be communicated with all members of the community. He recommends, as the
next steps, that that information is made available using understandable language in
various platforms. Regarding access to information more generally, it is important to
make it more accessible and to ensure that not only positive information is shared.
D.
Recommendation on acceptability
RECOMMENDATION 17: “Ensure that sanitation facilities are acceptable for all
individuals, taking into consideration the characteristics of particular groups, which may
have different sanitation needs;” (A/HRC/39/55/Add.1, para. 71(l))
65.
In order to fulfill the human rights to sanitation, sanitation facilities must be
acceptable for all. The Special Rapporteur found that public toilets are usually not accessible
for persons with disabilities, are inadequate for transgender persons, and lack adequate
facilities for handwashing and for menstrual hygiene management (A/HRC/39/55/Add.1,
para. 23) and heard testimonies that transgender persons often were subject to harassment
and humiliation (A/HRC/39/55/Add.1, para. 48).
66.
In 2019, the Strategy for Accessible Sanitation was released with a particular focus
on sanitation for persons with disabilities.50 As part of the Strategy, 1,200,000 physically
accessible individual household latrines have been constructed across India. In the same year,
the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities, NITI Aayog and other actors
jointly organized ‘SAN-Sadhan Hackathon’ to promote and showcase innovative and
affordable solutions to designing sanitation facilities for persons with disabilities.51 Despite
those commendable efforts, some sources suggest that improvement can be further made for
persons with disabilities to have adequate access to water and sanitation. For instance, a
media report from 2018 suggests that many toilets built under the Clean India Mission are
not accessible, and persons with disabilities remain unable to access toilets in public spaces
48
49
50
51
16
Jal Jeevan Mission Operational Guidelines (2019), 61.
Ibid.
Strategy for Accessible Sanitation (2019), 3.
SAN-Sadhan Hackathon 2019 video (2019).
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