A/HRC/32/19 can be made and responded to; and (b) information can be exchanged between judicial bodies and other relevant State agencies in private law cases, including through information repositories that provide clarity on points of contact, core process requirements and systems for updates on outstanding requests. 17.5 Judicial bodies and other relevant State agencies support and encourage the involvement of their personnel in relevant bilateral and multilateral initiatives and networks aimed at (a) facilitating contact and exchange of know-how between their personnel and their counterparts in other States; and (b) promoting awareness of different opportunities and options for international cooperation and the provision of legal assistance in private law cases. Policy objective 18: The State actively engages in relevant forums and initiatives to seek to improve access to information for claimants and their legal representatives in cross-border cases arising from or connected with business-related human rights abuses. 18.1 The State actively engages in bilateral, regional and multilateral initiatives aimed at improving the ease with which and speed at which information can be exchanged between claimants and their legal representatives and the relevant State agencies of other States in cross-border cases. 18.2 The State engages in bilateral, regional and multilateral initiatives that relate to cross-border access to information regarding the human rights-related risks and impacts of different business activities, and that aim at achieving greater alignment between different domestic legal regimes with respect to issues such as data protection, protection of victims and their legal representatives, protection of whistle-blowers and legitimate requirements of commercial confidentiality. Private law remedies Policy objective 19: Private law remedies consequent upon a determination of corporate legal liability offer the prospect of an effective remedy for the relevant abuse and/or harm. 19.1 Judicial bodies have the authority and ability, in law and in practice, to award a range of remedies in private law cases arising from business-related human rights abuses that may include monetary damages and/or non-monetary remedial measures, such as orders for restitution, measures to assist with the rehabilitation of victims and/or resources, satisfaction (e.g. public apologies) and guarantees of non-repetition (e.g. mandated compliance programmes, education and training). 19.2 In each case, the private law remedies awarded to claimants: (a) are proportional and appropriate to the gravity of the abuse and the extent and nature of the loss and/or harm suffered; (b) may, to the extent permitted by the relevant domestic legal system, reflect the degree of culpability of the defendant company (e.g. as demonstrated by whether the company exercised appropriate human rights due diligence, the strength and effectiveness of the company’s legal compliance efforts, any history of similar conduct, whether the company responded adequately to warnings and other relevant factors); (c) are designed in such a way as to minimize the risks of repetition or continuation of the harm; and (d) take account of issues of gender and the needs of individuals or groups at heightened risk of vulnerability or marginalization. 19.3 Claimants are consulted with respect to the design and implementation of private law remedies and with respect to the terms of any settlement. Such consultation takes 20