A/HRC/33/28 rather the parties involved had to seek a solution themselves. Furthermore, those involved in extreme violence knew why they had been marginalized. 20. Mr. Garatea stressed that poverty was, to a large extent, a breeding ground for human rights violations. Therefore, every member of society, at all levels, had to become involved in efforts to eradicate poverty and everyone, including those from the poorest strata of society, had to be given opportunities to be heard. By way of example, Mr. Garatea referred to the forums and inclusive consultations that had been held in Peru since 2000, including at the national, provincial, district and neighbourhood levels. In all those consultations, poverty was the defining characteristic and common issue. 21. Mr. Garatea discussed the steps that had been taken subsequently. Affected communities in Peru had engaged in a series of more than 1,400 public consultations so that they could find solutions. Those decentralized engagements had continued in Peru and were still under way after 16 years. 22. The moderator then referred to resolution 30/15, in which the Human Rights Council stressed the need to address conditions conducive to violent extremism by engaging with all groups of civil society concerned and, in particular, by empowering women and youth. The Council also reaffirmed the important role that education, including human rights education and training, could play in preventing and countering violent extremism. The moderator asked Ms. Farooq to share her views and experience of the role that local civil society organizations could play. 23. Ms. Farooq first identified risk factors, to facilitate the detection of vulnerable individuals, including sociological conditions (such as social alienation and acculturation difficulties), psychological factors (such as post-traumatic stress and mental illnesses), economic factors (such as unemployment and related deprivation), political grievances (such as the perception that Governments are promulgating discriminatory policies against certain communities) and ideological factors (such as intolerance and the justification of violence to address grievances). These risk factors also indicated that religious ideology alone did not lead to the radicalization of individuals. 24. Ms. Farooq said that her organization, the World Organization for Resource Development and Education, brought together public and private stakeholders to promote safety and social cohesion. Its work was based on the premise that a public that understands the threat of violent extremism and the risk factors of radicalization is better equipped to identify vulnerable individuals and can refer them for an intervention before they engage in violence. The organization has engaged with a wide range of stakeholders forming part of an early warning network and has trained hundreds of local law enforcement officers, educators and faith community members. Special programmes for youth stressed the importance of recognizing when an individual may express support for an extremist organization through social media. By placing communities at the forefront and involving multiple faith communities, programmes to prevent and counter violent extremism could give them ownership of the agenda and also reduce the stigma experienced by a single faith community. 25. In conclusion, Ms. Farooq emphasized the critical role of civil society, including non-governmental organizations, faith-based organizations, religious scholars, educators and social service providers. In her opinion, civil society was best suited to understanding the challenges of communities and could more rapidly mobilize resources to respond to their needs. Civil society entities had to be given the resources to develop their own prevention efforts. In addition, more States had to be encouraged to develop initiatives to counter violent extremism in collaboration with civil society, for example by promoting engagement with religious and tribal leaders and women’s associations. Finally, community policing had to be improved worldwide so that trust could be fostered between government 6