A/HRC/6/10 page 8 21. The representative of the Belgian Centre for Equal Opportunities and Opposition to Racism presented the national action plan against racism of Belgium which was currently being drafted and included references, targets and contents of provisions from the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action. He spoke about the advantages of having an independent public institution draft the national action plan, and detailed the working methods used by the Centre. He also highlighted the importance of including all stakeholders in the process; establishing a national follow-up commission; and making the national action plan a structural element to ensure continuity over time. He commented that the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action was a declaration of intent and that it would be very useful to have some minimum standards of a binding nature. 22. The Executive Director of Minority Rights Group International explored a range of experience in national action plans. He flagged six crucial points to be taken into account in developing national action plans. The first point was recognition: in many States, recognition of certain groups was a controversial subject. It was, however, exceptionally difficult to assist or protect a group without first recognizing that group. The second point was disaggregated data: while they were essential for understanding the extent of marginalization, the gathering of data needed to be undertaken in consultation with the communities concerned. Third, participation: consulting and involving the concerned community was essential for States in order to take focused and effective action. Fourth, measures to prevent discrimination and special measures to address it; there was a need for a legal regime to address equality of opportunity and a set of programmes for positive action. Fifth, targets: it was important to establish some form of target in order to monitor progress over time. The sixth point was institutional implementation mechanisms: each national plan of action required a budget adequate for the actions envisaged by it. Institutional mechanisms, such as ministers, parliamentary committees and committees involving members of the group targeted in the plan were also needed to move the actions identified in the national action plan forward. 23. During the discussion and debate which followed the presentations, State representatives presented overviews of the national action plans developed in their own countries. Some delegates addressed issues regarding racial profiling, national security, migration and discrimination. One delegate expressed the view that national security should be used as an argument to promote the implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action. A panellist noted that the topic of undocumented migrants presented a whole separate series of difficult issues, and that the issue of migration was addressed by another agency of the United Nations. 24. The themes of urbanization and spatial segregation were also examined during the discussion. One panellist noted that, in countries where communities were highly segregated, it was always the result of exclusion rather than voluntary segregation. 25. The need to involve non-State actors in developing anti-discrimination policy was mentioned by a panellist, as was the importance of putting human rights education at the centre of such a policy. Issues surrounding the use of mother-tongue languages and integration versus assimilation were also addressed.