A/HRC/28/76 of older persons should therefore be included in immediate and long-term humanitarian relief and assistance, as well as in humanitarian polices and guidelines. D. Persons with disabilities 34. Persons with disabilities24 are disproportionately affected in situations of disaster and conflict because many of the resources for humanitarian aid, shelter and assistance become inaccessible for them. In addition, there is a direct correlation between discrimination against persons with disabilities and insufficient resources. Humanitarian aid, rescue, relief and rehabilitation should therefore meet the needs of the whole population and also include the participation of persons with disabilities in all stages of emergency response. Disability in post-disaster and post-conflict situations also rises because people are injured and need specialized assistance and resources. 25 E. Indigenous peoples and minorities 35. Indigenous peoples26 and minorities27 have traditionally been excluded from development. Their settlements are mainly in rural areas, which are prone to natural hazards and high levels of poverty. This places them at risk in the event of disasters and conflicts. It is important to recognize and better understand indigenous peoples and minorities, and to boost their knowledge of mechanisms established for disaster risk reduction. 28 F. LGBTI persons 36. Stigmatization and discrimination based on sexual orientation increase gender-based violence in post-conflict and post-disaster situations, negatively affecting LGBTI persons with regard to the provision of food assistance, shelter and humanitarian aid. V. A human rights-based approach 37. Human rights are the universal legal guarantees that protect individuals and groups against actions and omissions interfering with fundamental freedoms, entitlements and human dignity.29According to UNICEF, human rights principles and values are not only the 24 25 26 27 28 29 10 See Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, art. 1. See the report on the Panel Discussion on Disaster Resilience and Disability: Ensuring Equality and Inclusion, United Nations Headquarters, 10 October 2013. See E/CN.4/Sub.2/1986/7 and Add. 1-4. For the concept of “indigenous and tribal peoples”, see the Convention concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries, art. 1. See also “The concept of indigenous peoples”. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, Workshop on data collection and disaggregation for indigenous peoples, New York, 19–21 January 2004. It is not possible to conclusively define the concept of minority or even to identify existing minorities, or build a conclusive list of minorities. See José Bengoa, “Minorías: existencia y reconocimiento”, working paper (E/CN.4/Sub.2/AC.5/2000/WP.2). See also the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities (General Assembly resolution 47/135, annex). R. Shaw et al, “Indigenous Knowledge – Disaster Risk Reduction”, policy note, European Union, UNISDR, Kyoto University, 2008. OHCHR, Frequently asked questions on a human rights-based approach to development cooperation,