A/HRC/30/12 have a single national human rights institution, it has multiple complementary protections and mechanisms to reinforce respect for human rights, including through independent judiciaries at the federal and state levels and numerous state and local human rights institutions. 107. Recently, the Federal Government has increased engagement with state, local, tribal and territorial governments on United States human rights obligations. For example, the state of Illinois and the Federal Government have worked together to protect Illinois residents from discrimination by mortgage lenders and other forms of financial exploitation. 108. Additionally, states and cities of the United States often lead efforts to enforce antidiscrimination laws and implement important reforms. The city of Chicago’s significant steps to respond to and prevent incidents of police misconduct include creating a reparations fund and formally apologizing to the victims of certain police violence. Chicago aims to improve relations among police and residents through training and a renewed commitment to community policing. 109. The United States has successfully challenged initiatives by states to criminalize mere undocumented presence in the country. 110. Non-citizens facing removal from the United States are afforded significant procedural protections and those detained can challenge immigration detention in court. 111. The United States is committed to accountability for Homeland Security personnel involved in any wrongdoing or misconduct, including excessive use of force. 112. For individuals detained pending removal proceedings and during the period reasonably necessary to remove them, the United States ensures that they are treated humanely and in a manner consistent with the United States Constitution, federal laws and policies and applicable international obligations. 113. It has established detailed immigration detention standards and remains committed to preventing abuses regarding detention conditions and bringing to justice those who commit them. More people than ever before are enrolled in alternatives to detention programmes. 114. The United States works aggressively to prevent and address human trafficking, through wide-ranging efforts, including those related to training and victims’ services. 115. United States federal law prohibits all forms of housing-related discrimination on the basis of race, colour, religion, national origin, sex, disability or number of children. 116. The Government of the United States helps communities pursue alternatives to arrest and prosecution of individuals for various behaviours associated with homelessness by focusing on providing technical assistance and financial resources to help communities provide housing first. 117. In addressing homelessness, the United States has made it a priority first to meet the housing needs of families and individuals, and then provide other social support and assistance, setting an ambitious agenda to reduce all forms of homelessness within the decade and to reduce homelessness among military veterans by the end of 2015. 118. Chad noted concern related to recent events targeting the black community. 119. Chile valued measures implementing human rights standards. 120. China highlighted the deep-rooted human rights problems of the United States. 121. Congo made recommendations. 9