A/HRC/22/31
appropriately disaggregated set of indicators and assessment tools should be established. In
addition, health information systems should respect children’s right to privacy when
personal data are collected and disseminated. Regular monitoring and review of
appropriately disaggregated data on the national health system and the underlying
determinants of health affecting children is a component critical to understanding and
addressing child health and rights, globally and locally. States should regularly review their
health information systems, including vital registration and surveillance systems, with a
view to their improvement.
77.
The links between poverty and poor health are well documented. Interventions to
address poverty should be implemented alongside health education and services to mitigate
potential financial barriers to the realization of the right of the child to health. Promoting
women’s control over family resources can also contribute to the improvement of child
health through the prioritization of child nutrition and access to health services. User fees
and associated health expenditures can constitute an insurmountable barrier in access to
health services. Social protection interventions, including such social security mechanisms
as child grants or subsidies, cash transfers, and paid parental leave, are complementary
investments that increase the financial accessibility of health services for children.
C.
Laws and policies
78.
National laws should place an obligation on the State to provide the services,
programmes, resources and infrastructure necessary to realize the right of the child to
health, and providing also a statutory entitlement to essential health and related services for
pregnant women and children, irrespective of their ability to pay. In addition, national
legislation should also include a comprehensive prohibition of practices that are harmful to
children. Legal provisions justifying or allowing consent to harmful practices against
children should be removed from national legislation. Legislation should also provide for
adequate complaint mechanisms and remedies.
79.
Legislation should fulfil a number of additional functions in the realization of the
right of the child to health, by, inter alia, defining the scope of the right and recognizing
children as rights-holders; clarifying the roles and responsibilities of all duty-bearers;
clarifying what services children, pregnant women and mothers are entitled to claim; and
regulating services to ensure that they are of good quality.
80.
Laws, regulations and policies can also constitute barriers to the realization of the
right of the child to health, such as, inter alia, requirements for parental and/or spousal
consent for access to health information and/or services; restriction on access to services by
migrant children and their parents; and restrictions on the provision of comprehensive
sexuality education.
D.
Birth registration
81.
Article 7 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child recognizes the right of the
child to birth registration. Birth registration is crucial for establishing minimum ages for
work, conscription and marriage and, during emergencies, for providing a basis for tracing
separated and unaccompanied children. There is a confluence between children who are
registered and those who are fully vaccinated, receive vitamin A supplements, and/or are
taken to health-care professionals when ill.
82.
Health systems are required to ensure that children whose births have not been
registered may still claim the services and protections due to them on a full and equal basis
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