A/HRC/22/31
and advice without parental or legal guardian consent, where this is in the child’s best
interests.
23.
As described by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in its
general comment No.14, health services and programmes, including for children, should
comply with a number of criteria, including availability, accessibility, acceptability and
quality. The realization of the right of the child to health requires the availability of
functioning child health facilities, goods, services and programmes, in sufficient quantity.
This includes sufficient hospitals, clinics, health practitioners, mobile teams and facilities,
community health workers, equipment and essential drugs to provide all children within the
State with health care. Sufficiency should be measured according to need, with particular
attention given to underserved and hard-to-reach populations.
24.
Accessibility has four dimensions:
(a)
Non-discrimination: Health and related services, equipment and supplies
must be accessible to all children, pregnant women and mothers, in law and in practice,
without discrimination of any kind;
(b)
Physical accessibility: Health facilities must be within an accessible distance
for all children, pregnant women and mothers. It may require additional attention to the
needs of children with disabilities;
(c)
Economic accessibility: Lack of ability to pay for services, supplies or
medicines should not result in the denial of access. States should create safety nets allowing
poor populations access to services where and when critically needed, regardless of their
ability to pay. This may include abolishing user fees and implementing health financing
systems that do not discriminate against the poor for their inability to pay;
(d)
Information accessibility: Information on health promotion, health status and
treatment options should be provided to children and their caregivers in a language and
format that is accessible and clearly understandable and culturally suited to them.
25.
In the context of the child’s right to health, acceptability implies that all healthrelated facilities, goods and services should be designed and used in a way that takes into
full account and is respectful of medical ethics, as well as the child’s needs, expectations,
culture and language. Health-related facilities, goods and services should be scientifically
and medically appropriate and of good quality.
IV. Health issues relating to children requiring attention
26.
The health concerns of an ever-increasing population of people aged between 0 and
19 years, currently estimated at 2.5 billion worldwide, must be afforded appropriate
attention.
27.
According to ILO, 115 million children are engaged in work that is likely to harm
their health, safety or morals and that should be prohibited for anyone under the age of 18.
Children involved in hazardous work are highly exposed to work-related illnesses and
injuries.
A.
Pregnancy, delivery and postnatal care
28.
Ensuring that children are healthy begins with promoting the health and well-being
of women of reproductive age, and continues with care and services during pregnancy,
delivery and the post-partum stage. A child whose mother dies within six weeks of their
birth is less likely to survive to the age of 2 than a child whose mother survives. The need
7
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