A/HRC/31/66 49. Practical recommendations: (a) States should promote diversity in law enforcement, so that communities see themselves in the police. This requires a sufficiently representative body with the inclusion of women and minority groups; (b) States should implement consistent planning approaches for all assemblies that follow a model based on assessing threat and risk and that incorporate human rights laws and standards as well as ethics; (c) Public authorities, including law enforcement, must be able to evidence their attempts to genuinely engage with assembly organizers and/or participants of assemblies; (d) Law enforcement agencies should ensure there is an accessible point of contact within the organization before, during and after an assembly. The point of contact should be trained in communication and conflict management skills and respond to security issues and police conduct as well as to substantive demands and views expressed by the participants. The liaison function should be separate from other policing functions; (e) States and law enforcement bodies should ensure that post-event debriefing mechanisms for assemblies are established permanently to facilitate learning and ensure the protection of rights; (f) Law enforcement should cooperate with stewards, where organizers choose to arrange them for an assembly. Stewards should be clearly identifiable and should receive appropriate training and briefing. Authorities should not require organizers to provide stewards; (g) Intrusive anticipatory measures should not be used in an assembly. Participants on their way to an assembly should not be stopped, searched or arrested unless there is a clear and present danger of imminent violence. E. Force shall not be used unless it is strictly unavoidable, and if applied it must be done in accordance with international human rights law 50. States and their law enforcement agencies and officials are obligated under international law to respect and protect, without discrimination, the rights of all those who participate in assemblies, as well as monitors and bystanders.34 The normative framework governing the use of force includes the principles of legality, precaution, necessity, proportionality and accountability. 51. The principle of legality requires that States develop a domestic legal framework for the use of force, especially potentially lethal force, that complies with international standards (see A/HRC/26/36, para. 56). The normative framework should specifically restrict the use of weapons and tactics during assemblies, including protests, and include a formal approval and deployment process for weaponry and equipment. 35 34 35 12 The conduct of law enforcement officials is governed, inter alia, by human rights law, the Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials and the Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials. See also the Principles on the Effective Prevention and Investigation of Extra-legal, Arbitrary and Summary Executions. See, for example, Amnesty International, Use of Force: Guidelines for Implementation of the UN Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials (2015), p. 46.