A/HRC/42/CRP.1
562. Al-Hudaydah is home to significant places and items that have cultural value to
Yemen and the world. In particular, the old city of Zabid, the capital of Yemen from the
13th to the 15th century, played an important role in the Arab and Muslim world for many
centuries because of its Islamic university. Zabid, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has
been on the UNESCO List of World Heritage in Danger since 2000.859 According to
UNESCO, a particular emerging issue is that high prices and lack of traditional building
materials has resulted in the use of unsuitable building materials in Zabid. The majority of
the traditional buildings in the Old Town of Zabid need urgent interventions for
maintenance, restoration and rehabilitation,860 a situation that has been worsened by the
conflict. The Group of Experts monitored the situation of Zabid during the conflict. In spite
of some preliminary information on damage to structures within the old town in Zabid, no
conclusive evidence emerged of attacks against such structures as a direct result of the
fighting.
563. The conflict has created the conditions for the mismanagement of cultural property
in Zabid. The Group of Experts received reports that a collection of more than 1,000
manuscripts has been removed from the Zabid museum. The manuscripts were, at the time
of writing, no longer kept within the museum, causing serious concerns over their
protection and maintenance.861
Destruction of the al-Fazah Mosque862
564. According to UNESCO863 the original structure of the al-Fazah Mosque dated from
the 7th century and continued to be in use by the local communities, through successive
repairs, until the present day. It was dedicated to the scholar Ahmed al-Faz and was a Sufi
pilgrimage site.
565. Satellite imagery collected on 6 May 2018 shows some damage in the southern
eastern corner of the structure. The image collected on 4 November 2018 shows that by
then the mosque had already been fully destroyed.
566. From the second week of May 2018, the area where the mosque was located became
an active battlefield, with the Giants Brigades and the Tihama Resistance moving towards it
to dislodge the Houthis. They received UAE support864. By late May 2018, the UAEbacked forces had gained control of the area.865 After the attack on al-Hudaydah city started
(mid-June), the Houthis attempted a counter attack in al-Fazah and significant fighting in
the area resumed. Although there was some change in the frontlines, the coastal areas
remained under the control of the Pro-Government forces. 866
567. According to the director of the General Authority for Antiquities and Museums,
“Salafist groups” destroyed the mosque on 22 October 2018.867 The Group of Experts
confirmed that the area was under the control of the Giants Brigades at the time of the
destruction of the mosque.868
568. Although the exact circumstances of the destruction of the mosque and mausoleum
remain to be verified, the Group of Experts found reasonable grounds to believe that the
Giants Brigades destroyed the site as they were in full control of the area where the mosque
was located. The National Commission of Inquiry, which visited the area and interviewed
witnesses, reached the same conclusion. Several sources stated that it was “Salafist
859
UNESCO, State of Conservation City of Zabid. Available at: http://whc.unesco.org/en/soc/3801/.
Ibid.
861 Confidential Sources on File.
862 Located at 14° 6'10.05"N, 43° 6'0.88"E.
863 UNESCO “UNESCO condemns the intentional destruction of a historical mosque and mausoleum
in the Hodeida Governorate of Yemen”, 30 October 2018. Available at:
http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1895/.
864 Confidential Sources on File.
865 Confidential Sources on File.
866 Confidential Sources on File.
867 Confidential Sources on File.
868 Confidential Sources on File.
860
136
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