A/HRC/45/8
example in Brazil, the Special Mobile Inspection Group, which is tasked with investigating
allegations of forced labour, has reportedly significantly reduced its operations, while
vulnerability to labour exploitation and abuse has been increasing, including for migrant
workers employed on coffee farms.86 Around half of the cases detected by that agency in
2019 involved Venezuelan refugees and migrant workers,87 who are among those severely
affected by the health and economic crisis, not only in their home country but also in
Brazil.88
12.
Impact on those in slavery-like situations pre-COVID 19
60.
COVID-19 has exposed pre-existing systemic gaps in social protection and justice
systems, including with regard to identification and prosecution of contemporary forms of
slavery, despite commitments made by States to meet target 8.7 of the Sustainable
Development Goals.89 Many Governments are overwhelmed with responding to the crisis,
which may further delay the adoption or implementation of anti-slavery measures. For
example, in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the National
Referral Mechanism reported a 14 per cent decrease in the number of victims reported
between January and March 2020.90 The Government emphasized that that was the first
decrease recorded since 2016 and that it was likely to be a result of the COVID-19 related
restrictions. Similar trends were recorded in other countries.91
61.
Furthermore, reports indicate a wider global trend where the provision of services to
survivors of contemporary forms of slavery has been disrupted as a consequence of the
pandemic. At the same time, slavery-like practices have continued and the precarious
situations of the victims and survivors are further compounded by health risks, deteriorating
economic hardship, increasing isolation, adverse impacts on mental health, and the inability
to access assistance.92
62.
Civil society organizations were quick to find creative solutions to reach their
beneficiaries, despite the lockdowns. Many switched to online services and remote support,
which may have been helpful for some victims and survivors. However, in most countries,
many were unable to receive legal advice, psychosocial assistance or continue their
education and training owing to insufficient access to technological devices and to the
Internet.93
63.
Repatriations of individuals who have been subjected to trafficking in persons to
their countries of origin have also become increasingly challenging owing to obstacles with
planning safe routes home for the survivors, in addition to the closure of national borders
implemented by a large number of States.94
64.
While demand for assistance in accessing shelter, psychosocial and medical care and
food security has been increasing, 95 civil society organizations, who are the primary
providers of these services, are concerned that funding might be diverted elsewhere. As a
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
Information received from civil society organization ADERE, Brazil; and submission from Global
Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, p. 20.
UNODC, TRACK4TIP supports Brazil’s Special Mobile Inspection Group of the Division of
Inspection for the Eradication of Slave Labour (DETRAE) in its celebration of 25 years in the fight
against slave labour, 4 June 2020.
UNHCR, “Brazil Operation: COVID-19 response” (May 2020), p. 1. Available at
https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/C19%20Brazil%20External%20Updates%20May%2020
20%20FINAL.pdf.
Submission from ECPAT UK.
Submission from United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Submission from Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative.
Submission from Rights Lab.
Submission from Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative.
Ibid.
Submission from Rights Lab.
13
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