A/HRC/31/71 85. With regard to Rakhine State, the Special Rapporteur recommends that the Government and Parliament of Myanmar: (a) Review and revise all local orders, instructions and other policies and practices that are discriminatory in law and in practice; (b) Address long-standing challenges to social and economic development through a human rights-based approach, while ensuring the participation of the communities affected, and fostering reconciliation and greater integration between communities. 86. In the field of gender equality and ensuring respect for women’s rights, the Special Rapporteur recommends that the Government and Parliament of Myanmar: (a) Enact a law on the prevention of violence against women that is compliant with international law, and take more effective measures to prevent and respond to all forms of sexual and gender-based violence, including in conflict; (b) Develop a programme of comprehensive support for victims and survivors, including access to justice, and take the necessary steps to ensure that perpetrators are prosecuted and convicted; (c) Create a system for the collection of disaggregated data on all forms of gender-based violence in order to measure the scope and scale of the problem; (d) Ensure that members of the military who perpetrate serious crimes, including murder and rape, against civilians are prosecuted, and that such cases are transferred to civilian courts. 87. With regard to conflict-related human rights concerns, the Special Rapporteur recommends that the Government of Myanmar: (a) Ensure prompt, independent and impartial investigations into allegations of violations committed in conflict areas, and the prosecution and punishment of all perpetrators; (b) Ensure that complainants are not penalized or threatened with legal action for bringing complaints and seeking redress against violations committed by the military; (c) End all child recruitment in the armed forces through strengthened recruitment procedures, age verification mechanisms and independent monitoring and oversight of all armed forces; release all children currently in the armed forces and in armed groups; and expedite the ratification of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on children and armed conflict; (d) Ensure the full participation of local and affected communities, civil society organizations and women in the peace process, including at the State level and in implementation and monitoring mechanisms; (e) Ratify the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-personnel Mines and on Their Destruction; prioritize the clearance of landmines and unexploded ordnance; and undertake comprehensive mine survey, marking and fencing activities. 88. In the field of economic, social and cultural rights, the Special Rapporteur recommends that the Government of Myanmar: (a) Ensure that environmental impact assessment procedures are consistently implemented and enforced, and include genuine consultations with the 20