A/HRC/42/20 deaths in custody. Among the best practices in that regard are improvements to the training of staff and the implementation of changes in the management and operation of detention facilities. 1. Training of detention facility personnel 54. Effective training for detention staff and law enforcement officials can reduce the occurrence of death in custody and prevent violence against and among detainees. 155 Such trainings should focus on the proper treatment of detained suspects and the prohibition of torture, the lawful use of force in law enforcement operations, the arbitrary deprivation of life and the management of prisoners in order to prevent inter-prisoner violence.156 55. Depending on the specific needs of a facility, issue-specific training should be organized. For instance, mandatory gender-sensitive training for judges, prosecutors and police and prison officers can reduce sexual violence in custodial settings, 157 while training and awareness-raising regarding issues children confront in detention facilities can also improve the conditions of detainees.158 Furthermore, training detention facility staff to recognize suicidal tendencies in incarcerated individuals can assist in suicide prevention.159 56. However, training and education programmes on human rights and the prevention of torture have a limited impact.160 Those organizing training should be attentive to the circumstances in which training is conducted, for example, compelling prison staff to attend such training in their personal time may predispose them negatively.161 Training should include modules on sanctions that personnel may face if they fail to comply with the professional standards of conduct.162 All training should be conducted with a view to improving the morale, work ethic and sense of belonging of detention facility personnel and law enforcement officials.163 The report on the seminar held in 2017 to exchange national experiences and practices on the implementation of effective safeguards to prevent torture during police custody and pretrial detention offers additional guidance for States in their efforts to prevent torture and other ill-treatment in custodial settings.164 2. Management and operation of facilities 57. The risk of violence, death and serious injury resulting from the actions of officials can be reduced through the adoption of a number of practical measures. These include maintaining proper records of persons deprived of their liberty by registering them upon arrival at a detention facility, which ensures that all persons are kept track of, 165 ensuring a medical examination upon arrival and providing persons deprived of their liberty with immediate access to a lawyer.166 Standard operating procedures, such as those related to visits, disciplinary measures and the use of force and restraints, should be regularly updated.167 Integrating the evaluation of aggressive behaviour in the decision-making process regarding the use of physical restraints on potentially violent detainees and implementing de-escalation techniques can also reduce the incidence of violence, particularly in psychosocial facilities.168 In addition to being separated from male detainees, female detainees should be monitored by female guards in order to protect them from 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 See CMW/C/TUR/CO/1; A/HRC/28/68/Add.4. See A/HRC/11/2/Add.3; CAT/C/BGR/CO/6; CAT/C/MDA/CO/3; CAT/C/BGR/CO/6; CAT/C/KAZ/CO/3; ICRC, “Guidelines for Investigating Deaths in Custody”; submission of Uruguay. See CCPR/C/JPN/CO/5. See CRC/C/LVA/CO/3-5. Submission of Slovenia. Submission of the Comisión de Derechos Humanos del Distrito Federal (Mexico). Ibid. Submission of Uruguay. Ibid. See A/HRC/37/27. See A/HRC/25/60/Add.1. Submission of Morocco. Submission of Uruguay. Submission of the Ombudsman (Luxembourg). 15