A/HRC/24/36 concern, especially as a number of incidents involved the use of live ammunition and other violence. Human rights defenders involved in land rights education and advocacy and individuals making land claims continue to be persecuted and freedom of expression and assembly has been continually curtailed. 50. As with the previous reporting period, activists (mostly women) associated with the Boeung Kak Lake and Borei Keila communities continued to be on the front line of regular protests, with a number of excluded families’ cases still unresolved by the Municipality of Phnom Penh and Shukaku Inc. and the Phan Imex Company, respectively. Representatives of the communities threatened by the planned expansion of Phnom Penh International Airport have also protested regularly during the reporting period. Phnom Penh continues to be a site of regular protests, demonstrations and, regrettably, violence between communities and police, including now the use of electrified riot shields and water cannons by authorities. In some cases, private security personnel were employed by the Municipality of Phnom Penh for use in confrontations and detentions of activists. Two women housing activists sentenced to prison terms were believed to be targeted for their activism, namely Tim Sakmony of Borei Keila and Yorm Bopha of Boeung Kak Lake. On appeal Ms. Sakmony’s sentence was suspended after three months in prison, while Ms. Bopha remains in prison after her appeal. 51. Those already evicted and relocated reportedly suffer poor living conditions (including low standards of housing and unsafe water and sanitation conditions) and scant opportunities for employment, coupled with limited access to health and education services. Resettlement sites have continued to be poorly planned and developed before evictions, and promises by the companies involved and municipal governments have many times not materialized. For example, the Phnom Bath relocation site, housing over 100 families from Borei Keila, including those forcibly evicted in January 2012, has developed in part with the assistance of donors, but assistance from the Phan Imex Company and the Municipality of Phnom Penh has been minimal. 52. During the reporting period there was little progress in tackling the root causes of land disputes in Phnom Penh and other major cities, and access to justice and remedy remain key concerns. For example, a forced eviction in March 2013 in Sihanouk province affecting 21 families occurred while an appeal was still pending with the court. The issue was ultimately solved following a demonstration by the families in Phnom Penh, and the subsequent intervention by the Prime Minister. As highlighted before, obstacles such as time-consuming administrative and procedural processes, financial costs associated with submitting a complaint, power inequalities and political interference have led to inconsistent use of the courts. 53. In rural areas, the Special Rapporteur was encouraged by the campaign for private land titling targeting State land (including economic land and forestry concessions, and other land managed by the Ministry of Environment) initiated by the Prime Minister under the auspices of the Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction in June 2012, which has reported aggregate statistics on its website. This campaign followed a directive issuing a moratorium on the granting of new ELCs and a review of existing concessions on 7 May 2012, but the full progress of the review is unknown. In August 2012, the Special Rapporteur sent a letter to the Ministry of Land Management outlining a number of preliminary concerns with the implementation of this directive, and acknowledges the detailed response provided to him by the Ministry in September 2012. The Special Rapporteur also notes that despite some new ELCs reported in the Royal Gazette from May to December 2012, no new ELCs were reported during the first half of 2013. 54. The granting and management of economic and other land concessions was the subject of the Special Rapporteur’s May 2012 mission and thematic report to the twenty15