A/HRC/43/CRP.7 rights, on the application of human rights in armed conflict, and through the organisation of a series of human rights debates by students on issues such as human rights and climate change, LGBTI rights, the administration of justice, and freedom of expression. 126. OHCHR trained 19 investigators (including 3 women) of the SBI and other law enforcement agencies on effective investigation of torture in accordance with the Istanbul Protocol. Twenty-one military lawyers (including 3 women) and seven military officers (including five women) from CIMIC also received human rights training. X. Conclusions and recommendations 127. A number of positive developments occurred over the reporting period, including the continued decrease in civilian casualties, steps made towards a comprehensive policy on remedy and reparation for civilian victims of the conflict, and measures taken to alleviate the effects of the conflict on the civilian population. However, more is needed to translate words into action, including on access to pensions and freedom of movement. 128. OHCHR notes that a number of concerns highlighted in past reports have not been addressed. This includes the impact of the conflict on economic and social rights, such as access to basic services, reports of arbitrary detention and torture, violations in relation to the administration of justice and fair trial rights, restricted fundamental freedoms, and discrimination, violence, and intolerance against minorities. Underlying all these issues is an ongoing lack of accountability, which OHCHR has identified as a major contributing factor to further human rights violations. Ukraine must combat impunity by ensuring accountability for all violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, regardless of the affiliation of the perpetrator or the identity of the victim, accompanied by the provision of remedy for all victims of violations. 129. The human rights situation in the self-proclaimed ‘republics’ remained grave. OHCHR notes that alongside reports of torture, arbitrary and incommunicado detention, ‘courts’ continue to violate fair trial rights by admitting forced confessions, resorting to closed ‘trials’ lacking independent and impartial tribunals, and denying access to legal counsel. Further, civic space remains severely restricted. Lifting all restrictions on OHCHR operations and granting OHCHR and other international observers access to places of detention and detainees in line with international standards, as agreed during the Normandy Four summit on 9 December, would contribute to addressing some of these human rights concerns. 130. The torture, ill-treatment and other violations described by detainees involved in the simultaneous release are of a systematic nature and may amount to war crimes. OHCHR recalls that all parties to the conflict have obligations under international human rights and humanitarian law. Individuals may be held criminally responsible, not only domestically, but internationally, when war crimes are committed. 131. In Crimea, the Russian Federation, as the occupying Power, violated a number of its obligations under international human rights and humanitarian law, notably by conscripting Crimean men into its armed forces, and forcibly transferring and deporting individuals to the Russian Federation. 132. OHCHR urges the implementation of the following recommendations, based on its findings from the current reporting period: 133. To the Ukrainian authorities: To the Parliament and the Cabinet of Ministers: a) prioritise the development of draft law No. 1115 on the status and social protection of civilian victims of the conflict, through broad and inclusive consultation with victims, and ensure it complies with relevant international standards; b) prioritise adoption of a draft law that would establish a ground for the mechanism of restitution and compensation for housing, land and property lost due to the armed conflict and occupation of Crimea, prioritizing housing rights for the most vulnerable; 32