A/HRC/33/27 helped the parties to engage in good-faith negotiations and to seek solutions to outstanding disputes over indigenous peoples’ land and sacred forests. C. Early-warning mechanisms and monitoring of human rights violations 13. During the reporting period, OHCHR participated in several meetings and activities to identify warning signals linked to specific developments that could trigger unrest and conflict. Early-warning mechanisms related to land-related violence, conflict and human rights in South-East Asia were discussed at a meeting organized by OHCHR in Bangkok. Participants highlighted issues related to indigenous peoples’ access to land in Cambodia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand, among other countries. 14. In May 2015, the United Nations joint human rights office in the Democratic Republic of the Congo investigated human rights violations that had been committed during an attack against indigenous Pygmy communities in Nyanza territory, in Katanga Province, and resulted in murders, rapes, abductions and enforced disappearances, and in the extensive destruction of property. 15. The office in Guatemala carried out more than 40 missions between April 2015 and April 2016 to monitor the human rights situation of indigenous agricultural workers, the impact of monoculture activities on the human rights of indigenous peoples and cases of potential or escalating social conflict, including conflicts resulting from extractive industry activities affecting indigenous peoples. Many of the missions were carried out jointly with the national human rights institution. 16. In addition, the office in Guatemala documented numerous cases of irregularities in criminal proceedings against indigenous peoples for acts carried out in the context of hydroelectric and mining projects. Many indigenous human rights defenders continue to be in pretrial detention, accused of crimes of conspiracy, instigation of unlawful association and assembly and crimes for which non-custodial measures are not available, such as kidnapping. D. Access to justice and strengthening the legal protection of indigenous peoples’ rights 17. In 2015, the regional office for South America provided technical support for the development of an online course for the Ecuadorian judiciary on collective rights and indigenous justice. The topics of the online course included: indigenous peoples as rights holders in international law; collective rights in the Constitution; free, prior and informed consent; relevant recommendations from human rights mechanisms; and indigenous customary justice and access to justice. More than 400 judges and prosecutors will be trained in 2016 using this online tool in the provinces with the highest number of indigenous peoples: Pastaza, Cotopaxi, Chimborazo, Tungurahua and Morona. 18. In the Plurinational State of Bolivia, the country office developed a training programme for indigenous leaders on the promotion, protection and implementation of collective rights in accordance with international standards. This was done in collaboration with la Universidad Indígena Boliviana Guaraní in partnership with the German Agency for International Cooperation and with support from the Confederation of Indigenous Peoples of Bolivia. In April 2016, 16 indigenous leaders successfully completed the course, which will be a permanent feature of the university’s regular academic programme and will also be included in the curriculum on legal anthropology. 4