A/HRC/33/62
dealing sensitively with persons claiming to have been victims of domestic violence, and
more women officials should be trained and deployed in provinces, especially at the local
level.
25.
A number of steps are needed to enable all victims of gender-based violence to feel
sufficiently confident to report offences: repeated condemnation of offences at the highest
levels of government, and repeated public commitments to prosecute perpetrators of such
crimes; dissemination to the public (including school children) of information on genderbased violence and on the criminal law on sexual offences, using all forms of media and
social media; and cooperation between government institutions and women’s networks to
improve reporting on cases of gender-based violence and to ensure that cases are
investigated and perpetrators prosecuted, without repercussions for the victim. Such steps
will help to de-stigmatize victims and, alongside appropriate support, encourage reporting
and increase the rate of prosecutions. Taken with the public education programme, they
should deter attacks and increase respect for women, thereby contributing to the
achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 5. Both the Committee on the Elimination
of Discrimination against Women (in its general recommendation 19 (1992)) and the
Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences (see
A/HRC/32/42) offer support and advice to States on eliminating violence against women.
26.
Women and children continue to be trafficked from Cambodia to foreign countries
for domestic labour and sexual exploitation. The Special Rapporteur is aware of the efforts
made by the Government to regulate some aspects of migration, by the Ministry of the
Interior to combat trafficking, and by the Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
pursuant to the memoranda of understanding with countries receiving large numbers of
Cambodian migrant workers. Although there are laws in place that criminalize trafficking,
the Government should intensify efforts to combat trafficking. Increasing effective
investigation and prosecution of those allegedly involved in trafficking would send the
message that trafficking in human beings is not acceptable in Cambodian society. There is
also a need for greater monitoring of migrant domestic workers, their recruitment, their
treatment overseas and their repatriation, as noted by the Committee on the Elimination of
Discrimination against Women (CEDAW/C/KHM/CO/4-5, para. 25). Victims of
trafficking, exploitation and abuse also require support ex post facto to facilitate their
reintegration into normal life or in the establishment of a normal life.
27.
The Special Rapporteur expresses her concern at evidence she received of the
degradation of women in the media, including social media. The photographs of dead or
seriously injured victims of domestic violence should not be circulated. The Special
Rapporteur recommends that courts apply the relevant provisions of the Criminal Code
when women, especially victims of sexual assault and violence, are graphically depicted.
The press and the users of social media also have a responsibility to respect women,
especially vulnerable women. In this regard, the Government has agreed to raise awareness
of the rights of women, including among journalists (see A/HRC/26/16, para. 118.64).
There is a growing tendency in social media and popular discourse to stereotype women on
the basis of their work. This is particularly the case for women working in the
entertainment industry. The Special Rapporteur therefore welcomes the steps taken by the
Ministry of Women’s Affairs and the Ministry of Labour to address such situations.
IV. Evaluating the democratic space
28.
The democratic space has been reduced in Cambodia through the application of a
range of laws restricting the freedom of expression, the rights to freedom of peaceful
assembly and association and the restriction of a range of legitimate activities of nongovernmental and civil society organizations. In July 2015, a law on non-governmental
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