A/HRC/41/22 indigenous peoples’ human rights in their respective countries. However, they voiced the need to ensure and enhance indigenous peoples’ rights at the local level as well. They also made the following recommendations: develop national action plans on the rights of indigenous peoples and their inclusion in broader national development strategies in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals; establish mechanisms to involve indigenous peoples in decision-making processes; allocate more resources to data collection and collect disaggregated data on indigenous peoples; include an indigenous peoples’ rights-based approach in public policies; improve indigenous peoples’ political representation; create specific institutions to address their situation and concerns; promote land demarcation and titling programmes; promote income-generating activities, such as community-based ecotourism; train civil servants and other stakeholders on indigenous peoples’ rights; and train bilingual indigenous teachers. IV. Concluding comments from the panellists and moderator 29. Ms. Yamada stated that there was some progress at the international level in understanding indigenous peoples’ claims within the context of the 2030 Agenda, and that the questions raised by States demonstrated their concern and willingness to address indigenous peoples’ issues. 30. Ms. Carling stressed that realities on the ground had not improved enough in recent years. Addressing the gaps in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals required strong political will. Urgent action was needed to work on policy reforms and to adopt special measures, such as national consultation and participation in decision-making processes, to address the root causes of discrimination, inequality and social injustice against indigenous peoples that prevented them from contributing to sustainable development. It was also vital to ensure collaboration and to work consistently with States to better fulfil the rights of indigenous peoples. States should support indigenous peoples’ initiatives related to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. Political participation was needed at the local level to ensure that the aspirations of indigenous peoples and their contributions towards sustainable development were considered. She closed by reiterating that indigenous peoples were not only rights holders, but also development actors and should be recognized as such. 31. Mr. Conde said that training and capacity-building for indigenous peoples were not a substitute for consultation. Specific mechanisms should exist for indigenous peoples to advocate the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. Indigenous peoples should participate at all levels and in all processes that concerned them, for example in drafting reports, in the implementation of the Goals or in consultation processes. He recalled the importance of enhancing the inclusion of indigenous traditional authorities, youth and women, and of ensuring gender diversity in all processes and spaces where indigenous issues were discussed. He highlighted the need to improve data collection regarding indigenous peoples, especially concerning the implementation of the Goals. He also stressed the need to translate the Goals and their contents into indigenous languages but, more importantly, the need to translate them into concrete projects with cultural relevance and in harmony with the diversity of indigenous world views. 32. Ms. Silva mentioned that reducing gaps and challenges regarding indigenous peoples’ participation required time, resources and stronger institutions. She reiterated the important need to collect data regarding indigenous peoples. With reference to the role of the Human Rights Council, she pointed out that Member States could act on the recommendations of the universal periodic review to implement indigenous peoples’ rights, as some had already done. She also proposed developing national action plans for the implementation of the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, and to ensure the participation of indigenous peoples and fully consider indigenous peoples’ issues in those actions plans. 6