A/HRC/41/46 and human rights-based approach that empowers victims of trafficking in persons and respects fully their human rights”.17 13. Specifically, restitution includes several features relevant to social inclusion, such as “enjoyment of human rights and family life, including reunification and contact with family members”,18 “recognition of the victim’s legal identity and citizenship”,19 “restoration of the victim’s employment”20 and “assistance and support to facilitate social integration or reintegration of repatriated victims”.21 Compensation includes, as appropriate, “reimbursement of costs incurred for legal or expert assistance; medicine and medical services; physical, social, psychological or psychiatric treatment or services; or any occupational therapy or rehabilitation required by the victim”.22 Furthermore, guarantees of non-repetition include, where applicable, “safe return, temporary or permanent residence status where applicable, and integration support”,23 “addressing the root causes of trafficking”24 and “protecting legal, medical, health-care and other related professionals and human rights defenders who assist victims of trafficking in persons”.25 Indeed, ensuring guarantees of non-repetition includes a strong preventive component, requiring States to address root causes of trafficking in persons, and of retrafficking.26 This requires, among other things, addressing deep structural causes of gender inequality and discrimination which remain leading drivers accounting for the disproportionate number of women and girls as victims of trafficking. 14. State obligations in the field of prevention also extend to potential victims of trafficking, and in this regard some promising practices have been registered. For instance, in 2017, the Government of Slovenia adopted its 2017–2021 National Programme of Measures for Roma, which is aimed at promoting social integration and reducing the social exclusion of members of the Roma community. The programme includes measures relevant to the prevention of human trafficking, such as empowerment measures for Roma girls and boys, programmes to prevent child, early and forced marriages, the preparation of a protocol for competent institutions on how to deal with these phenomena, and training of social workers on how to deal with children absconding to harmful environments. In the same vein, in Greece, the Ministry of Labour, Social Security and Social Solidarity has recently appointed a Special Secretary for the Social Inclusion of the Roma People, which pursues a similar objective. 15. Some States have developed promising legislation and policies on social inclusion of trafficked persons, including in relation to the right to effective remedy. In Italy, since 1998, Law No. 286/1998 has provided trafficked persons with residence permits and social protection for six months, with the residence permit renewable for one year and convertible to a residence permit for work (art. 18). At the level of the European Union, a special adviser to the President of the European Commission for compensation for victims of crime, including victims of trafficking, was appointed in 2017. In Paraguay, an inter-institutional consultative body coordinates anti-trafficking actions developed by the State, which include long-term assistance for victims. In Sri Lanka, the Commissioner General of Rehabilitation handles the rehabilitation and reintegration of child soldiers. Implementation of such policies should be coupled with a monitoring and evaluation phase, carried out in cooperation with civil society organizations. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 6 Ibid., para. 5. A/69/269, para. 9. Ibid., para. 9 (e). Ibid., para. 9 (f). Ibid., para. 9 (g). Ibid., para. 10 (g). Ibid., para. 17 (b). Ibid., para. 17 (f). Ibid., para. 17 (h). Submission to the Special Rapporteur from Duke University. See also A/HRC/31/58, para. 20; and A/70/438, paras. 5 and 8–9. Regarding social integration or social reconciliation in transitional justice, see A/HRC/36/50, paras. 31 and 72; and A/70/438, paras. 19 and 57.