A/HRC/30/42
Rapporteur pays attention to interventions in the cultural and the personal domains
that have received comparatively less attention.
33.
Economic conditions and their relation to non-recurrence with a view to
meaningful transformation is a topic that does not receive sufficient focus. As argued
in previous reports, transitional justice cannot be thought to exhaust the agenda of
thorough political, social and economic transformation that is called for in the
aftermath of mass violations.
34.
Although the causes of violence or violations of rights cannot be reduced to
inequality or poverty, singly or jointly, or to any straightforward combination of
social indicators, it is well known that both inequality and poverty correlate robustly
with violence and the violations of various rights, including civil and political, and
economic, social and cultural. 15 Most of the violent conflicts in the world take place
in countries that are or have been deeply afflicted by large inequalities, poverty, and
often both.
35.
There are forms of economic exclusion that, if entrenched over time, may be
particularly detrimental to the enjoyment of rights. Persistent and durable
inequalities, but also some of the inequalities associated with rapid but highly
uneven economic growth, have been argued to be associated with both social
discontent and increases in criminal activities, violence and civil conflict. 16
36.
The continuation in power of an abusive regime makes it impossible to
guarantee that violations will not be repeated. In some of these contexts, lack of
economic opportunities outside government-paid posts raises decisively the stakes of
losing power. This motivates the entrenchment of abusive regimes, increasingly also
observed through the subversion of democratic processes, and consequently
undermines the possibility of offering effective guarantees of non -recurrence. These
cases provide a compelling illustration of the economic and developmental
dimension to prevention, which must no longer be ignored and should be more
thoroughly analysed.
37.
In the present report, the Special Rapporteur presents a range of interventions
from easily actionable to more ambitious, demanding interventions. This is not a
causal sequence. No intervention, large or small, on its own, in any of the three
spheres, is likely to offer sufficiently strong guarantees. The multidimensional
character of conflict and of rights violations needs to be matched by
multidimensional responses. The Special Rapporteur also demonstrates that there is
always something that can be done in order to diminish the likelihood of repeated
violations. Therefore, neither cost nor complexity of interventions is a legitimate
excuse for inaction.
15
16
See A/HRC/29/31. See also World Bank, World Development Report 2011: Conflict, Security and
Development (Washington, D.C., 2011).
See P. Justino, Shared Societies and Armed Conflict: Costs, Inequality and the Benefits of Peace,
Institute of Development Studies (London, 2012).
9
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