A/HRC/4/110 page 6 intravenous drug use. Mother-to-child transmission is low, with 80 per cent of pregnant women with HIV receiving prophylaxis. The Government’s revised HIV strategy (2005) includes key elements such as prejudice-free education and prevention (through a target group-oriented approach), universal access to HIV testing, adequate treatment, care and support (including the strengthening of social care), respect for human rights, non-discrimination, coordination and cooperation with civil society, surveillance, research and continuous evaluation of achievements for further improvement. The Government also reported on certain barriers to treatment, including the situation of those not insured, migrants, and asylum-seekers. 11. In its contribution, the Government of Guatemala provided details of the current state of the disease in the country and government initiatives to respond to the challenge. The Government has developed a strategy to extend provision of antiretroviral therapy to all who require it, as well as providing services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Programmes are carried out in cooperation with civil society, the private sector and international partners, for example the Global Fund and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), and in particular in respect of vulnerable groups, such as commercial sex workers, injecting drug users and men who have sex with men. From 2006 the Government is developing a plan for the purchase of antiretroviral medicines, including through an international tender process. Government policy is based on a number of principles, including a focus on vulnerable groups; access to health services, social security and sexual education; confidentiality; participation of civil society and people living with HIV, in the planning, execution and evaluation of all programmes; equal access to preventive treatment and care services for all groups; transparency; decision-making based on proven science; and promoting the dignity of those who have been discriminated against or marginalized. HIV/AIDS is addressed in the Constitution, in the criminal code, and in a general AIDS law, which includes the promotion and protection of human rights of people living with HIV. 12. The Government of Japan reported that measures have been taken in accordance with new HIV/AIDS prevention guidelines, in effect since April 2006. The three main themes of these revised guidelines are: the promotion of policies responding to changes in the concept of HIV/AIDS, previously considered as an “irremediable special disease” and now as a “controllable general disease”; clarification of the division of roles between central and local government; and a focus on target groups (for example men who have sex with men, youth) and issues (for example women’s control over their own reproductive health). Measures were also taken to guarantee provision of prevention and care services to prisoners, in accordance with Guideline 4 of the International Guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights. Promotional campaigns are organized by the human rights bodies of the Ministry of Justice, especially during the annual Human Rights Week, with an emphasis on the issue of non-discrimination. Within the framework of international cooperation, Japan underlines its participation in funding (US$ 5.8 billion between 2000 and 2005, and a promise of US$ 5 billion for the five years from 2005) as well as its active role in the fight against HIV/AIDS, especially in the context of the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNAIDS “3 by 5 initiative” which concluded in 2005. 13. The contribution of the Government of Mexico underlined respect for human rights as the basis of the Government’s national policy on HIV and AIDS, including the active participation of all parts of society. In 2006, the public information campaign continued, with the